criminal investigations test 3

Algor mortis( Body cooling)

the body cool from its normal internal temperature of 98.6F to the surrounding environmental temperature.

rigor mortis

the muscles of the body initially become flaccid. within 1-3 hours they become increasingly rigid, and the joints freeze.

livor mortis (lividity, postmortem hypostasis)

a reddish purple coloration in dependent areas of the body due to accumulation of blood in the small vessels of the dependant areas secondary to gravity. it is occasionally misinterpreted as bruising by people unfamiliar with this phenomenon.

Problems in crime laboratories?

lack of training, lack of accreditation, Dna contamination, sentencing mistakes and poor training, backlog of cases, scandals and mistakes within the FBI crime law.

Why the investigator asks questions about the type and sequence of sexual acts in an assault?

focuses on the actions and choices of the offender

Types of child molesters?

Situational child molesters and preferential child molesters

In Autoerotic Death cause of death manner of death?

hanging

The victim in a rape case is a walking crime scene. The victim should be
transported to hospital by ?

ambulance

The victims clothing should be taken and packaged in _______ ____?

paper bag

Drug-facilitated sexual assaults often occur where the victim and suspect have met in a ____________?

social setting

In psychosexual homicide cases with extreme violence to the throat of a male
victim, why?

the sexual significance of the mouth and throat in male homosexual sex acts.could possibly manifest the destruction of this substitute sex organ that engulfs the penis.

A database that assist crime scene investigators in identifying possible
fingerprint matches is called?

AFIS or Automated Fingerprint Identification System

The blood in a persons body starts to have a gravity effect when the heart stops.

livor mortis

Coup-Contrecoup injuries.

“coup injury” impact of the head and a moving object. “Contrecoup injury” occurs inside the skull on the opposite side of the area of impact.

Handling informants.

refrain from socializing, romance, paying them,

The two type of surveillance

Physical surveillance and technical/electronic surveillance

Immersion Burns

when a child falls or is placed into a tub or other container of hot liquid. usually the child in held in place in the water.

Forensic entomology

the study of the insects associated with a dead body, which is typically used to determine the elapsed time since death.

Physical surveillance requires the use of?

casual, formal, and long term surveillance

Showing photographs one at a time, and not having the case investigator present, are recommendations for better more fair photo lineups in the 60 minutes video.

true

Defensive wounds, Incised wounds, Laceration, a close range gunshot wound, contact gunshot wound, distant gun-shot wound can be determined by?

Defensive wound- on palms of hand, fingers, or forearms

incised wound- The wound is narrow at the edge and gaping at the middle. Such wounds typically bleed a lot.

laceration- bleed freely and characteristi­cally are accompanied by bruising around the edges

close range gunshot wound- smoke deposits

contact gunshot wound- metallic particles, and powder residues are driven into the body and can be found there during the autopsy.

distant gunshot wound- no smoke deposits

The two law enforcement agencies that claim to have the largest most comprehensive crime laboratories are the _______.

FBI and NYPD

Manual Strangulation

produced by pressure of the hand, forearm, or other limbs against the neck, compressing the internal structures of the neck. all cases regarding manual strangulation is criminal homicide. cant commit suicide this way.

Ligature Strangulation

pressure on the neck applied by a constricting band that is tightened by a force other than the body weight. all cases regarding ligature strangulation are criminal homicides.

Petechial Hemorrhage

small sized red spots on appear on the skin

DNA typing in a Rape case

seman and hair from specific person

Having Oral or vaginal sexual relations with a person against their consent, while the victim is unconscious, under influence of alcohol or drugs, feeble minded or under ages of consent is defined as ___________?

rape

Forensic science is defined as:

that part of science applied to answering legal questions. it includes: the examination, evaluation, and the explanation of physical evidence in law.

The effectiveness of crime laboratory services can be measured in terms of:

quality, proximity, and timeliness of forensic evidence processing

A cold case is _________?

an unsolved criminal investigation which remains open pending the discovery of new evidence

Criminalistics

deals with the study of physical evidence related to a crime.

Nuclear DNA

found in cells that have a nucleus

Mitochondrial DNA.

found in the mitochondria

Daubert and Frye Standards

daubert- The 1993 U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that the Frye
test was no longer valid in federal courts; a trial court must determine whether the testimony of an expert is based on a scientifically valid methodology and can properly be applied to the facts of the case

frye- The 1923 federal court decision ruling that for a scientific technique to be admissible in evidence, it must be sufficiently established to have gained general acceptance in its particular field

The prevalence of cyber bullying has caused legislature to react by _________

_______ to combat this problem

enacting laws

Morgue is often overlooked as a crime laboratory but serves a function in
determining the cause and manner of death?

conduct autopsies and analyze body fluids, tissues, and organs to produce information useful in an investigation when cause of death is questionable or when death has been caused by something other than a known disease.

Characteristic of an entry gunshot wound

skin is pressed inward, stretched and perforated, then returns to its original position

What does the innocence project do?

dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted individuals through DNA testing

Best definition or description of a serial murder or killer.

A series of three or more killings with a cooling off period separating the murders