Research Methods and The Social Self Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards focusing on research methodology, ethical considerations, mindsets, grit, and self-concept categories based on the provided psychology lecture notes.

Independent Variable (IV)

The variable manipulated by the researcher (the cause) in an experiment to examine a cause-and-effect relationship.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The outcome variable measured afterwards (the effect) in an experiment.

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

A research ethics committee at colleges and hospitals that reviews and approves research studies to ensure participant safety and ethical standards.

Informed Consent

An ethical requirement stating that participants must freely choose to participate in a study and be free to quit at any time.

"I" Self

The active 'knower' self that acts like a reader and represents self-awareness (William James, 1890).

"Me" Self

The contents of the self that act like a library, representing self-concept (William James, 1890).

Fixed Mindset

The belief that talent is innate and cannot be changed, where success or failure indicates whether one possesses talent, and effort is not considered very important (Dweck 2006).

Growth Mindset

The belief that talent can improve with effort, failure is a natural part of the learning process, and feedback helps foster improvement (Dweck 2006).

Grit

Passion and perseverance to achieve long-term goals (Duckworth et al., 2009; 2021).

Mueller & Dweck Praise Study (1998)

An experiment showing that 5th graders given ability praise ('You must be smart') mostly chose easy problems to show smartness, while those given effort praise ('You must have worked hard') chose challenging problems to learn from.

Physical Self-Concept

Self-descriptions based on physical qualities that do not imply social interaction (e.g., 'I am tall', 'I am a brunette').

Social Self-Concept

Self-descriptions based on social roles, institutional memberships, or cultural identities (e.g., 'I am a college student', 'I am Dominican').

Attribute Self-Concept

Self-descriptions based on psychological or physiological states or traits (e.g., 'I am intelligent', 'I am caring', 'I am tired').

Global Self-Concept

Broad or vague self-descriptions that do not distinguish a person from other people (e.g., 'I am a human being', 'I am alive').