Civil War Test Study Guide_Harlan HS (2017-2018)

Confederate advantage

The Confederacy was very large and would be very hard to conqueror; fights a defensive war (makes Union come to them to get them away from supply lines); try not to fight in large-scale battles; began war with best military leadership/generals

Anaconda Plan

plan that called for Naval Blockade of the South to cut off imports/exports and prevent South from trading cotton for war products coming from overseas

Battle of Antietam

Bloodiest single day of fighting in American history and in the CW; 1 of 2 times Robert E. Lee went on the offensive and was defeated

The Battle of Gettysburg and the Battle of Vicksburg

these battles were seen as the turning points (in favor of the union) in the East (Gettysburg = bloodiest battle of CW, 2nd time Lee went on offensive and severely defeated) and the West (Vicksburg = Grant taking control of Miss. R cutting the South in half).

Lincoln's issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation

followed the narrow Union victory in the Battle of Antietam; gave Lincoln the courage/impetus he needed to actually issue the proclamation; went into effect on Jan. 1, 1863; changes cause of war from preserving the Union to ending slavery

Emancipation Proclamation

This document freed slaves in Confederate controlled territory (territories of rebellion against the US) but it did not apply to the border slave states that did not secede from the Union

13th Amendment

This amendment freed all enslaved persons in the United States

Lincoln's vision during the Civil War

was that the American nation embodied a set of universal ideals rooted in political

democracy and human freedom (liberty, equality, union, democracy (govt))

In regards to civil liberties, Lincoln...

suspended the writ of habeas corpus - a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention

"Greenback"

Civil War era nickname for paper currency

U.S. Sanitary Commission

coordinated war donations on the northern home front

Clara Barton

CW nurse, lobbied for the United States to endorse the First Geneva Convention of 1864 and was the founder of the Red Cross

Copperheads

what Republicans called Northern Democrats who opposed the war

Grant's Attrition Strategy

Use the numerical superiority of the Union to wear out the Confederacy's will to fight; used Gen. Wm. T. Sherman to fulfill the strategy

Sherman's capture of Atlanta

helped Lincoln win re-election as president that November

"Sea Island Experiment"

northern reformers' efforts to assist former slaves with the transition to freedom

Wade-Davis Bill

called for at least two-thirds of a southern state's voters to take a loyalty oath [different from Lincoln's 10% Plan]

Freedmen

name given to those who were formerly enslaved but are now free

Sherman's March to the Sea

Union General Sherman's campaign across the south in 1864. Targeted both military and civil resources. Burned and destroyed everything in his path, breaking the South's will to fight