Studied by 32 peoplewhat happens when skin cells are pushed away from the basale layer
skin cells keratinized and die
tissue under the dermis
subcutaneous
Order of Cutaneous Membrane
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous)
4 main types of tissue
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
most abundant tissue type in the body
Connective tissue
intercellular connections that lock cells together
tight junctions
tissue found in the respiratory tract
pseudostratified
where the epidermis gets its nutrients from
dermis + diffuses up
tissue found in the lung
simple squamous
multiple layers
stratified
top layer of the epidermis
stratum corneum
deep layer of the epidermis
basale
where we have the thickest skin
palms, soles, and fingertips
tissue that composes the digestive tract
simple columnar epithelium
Functions of the skin
protection, regulate temperature, produce vitamin D, and sense of reception
the vitamin the sun and skin make
vitamin D
where simple cuboidal cells are found
kidneys, ovaries, and few gland ducts
produces melanin
melanocytes
what melanin protects us from
UV radiation
where simple squamous cells are found
alveoli and capillaries
what the hypodermis is composed of
adipose and loose connective tissue
the reaction to our skin overheating
sweating and blood vessels dilate
glands that milk is secreted from
apocrine glands
how heat is retained in the body
smooth muscle blood vessels contract
folds in the dermis
dermal papillae
cells that react to allergies in the CT and secrete histamine and heparin
mast cells
cells in the CT that provide us with immune surveillance
macrophages
causes eccrine glands to sweat
overheating
bind structures, provide protection, store fat, transport fluids, and have a structural framework for the body
functions of connective tissue
where sweat from apocrine glands are located at
axilla, groin, and nipple area
most common type of cartilage
hyaline cartilage
strongest type of cartilage
fibrocartilage
where dense regular tissue is found
tissues and ligaments
causes cartilage to take a while to heal
no direct blood supply
most active region of cell division in our nails
lunula
our spleen and lymph tissue are made up of what tissue?
reticular connective tissue
large amounts of intercellular material
CT
muscle tissue with intercalated disks and is involuntary
cardiac muscle
striated and voluntary muscle
skeletal muscle
burns associated with skin grafts
third degree burns
membrane that opens to the outside
mucus membrane
membrane that opens to the inside and secretes serous fluid
serous membrane
cells that the most severe cancer comes from
melanocytes
skin cracks easily and immune system is compromised
causes of elderly skin infections
muscle tissue without striations
smooth muscle
neural tissue that supports neurons
neuroglial cells
fluid connective tissue
blood
most common type of connective tissue
fibroblast
rise in temperature to kill a pathogen
fever
hypothalamus function
regulate body temperature
sign of first degree burn
redness
sign of second degree burn
blisters
tissue replacement process
regeneration
waxy protein that is secreted by the stratified squamous
keratin
waxy stratified squamous that you can see
hair shafts
cause of goosebumps
contraction of arrector pili muscles
ABCD rule
asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter growth (6mm)
5 layers of epidermis found in palms (top to bottom)
stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
cause of wrinkles during aging
skin loses elasticity
4 signs of inflammation
redness, heat, adema (swelling), and pain
jaundice
yellow pigment
pallor
white pigment
erythema
red pigment
cyanosis
blue pigment
predominant tissue of the papillary region of the dermis
Loose CT
predominant tissue of the reticular region of the dermis
Dense Irregular
4 stages of wound repair
Inflammatory, Migratory, Proliferative, Maturation
Inflammatory
Blood clot forms, enhanced delivery of WBC, prepares for repair
Migratory
Clot becomes a scab, epithelial cells begin to migrate, fibroblasts synthesizes scar tissue, damaged blood vessels repair, granulation tissue begins to fill wound
Proliferative
Extensive growth of the epithelial cells, fibroblasts randomly deposit collagen fibers
Maturation
Scab comes off, collagen becomes more organized, fibroblasts decrease in number, blood vessels restored to normal
3 types of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanomas
Basal cell carcinoma
78% of all skin cancers, arise from stratum basale, rarely metastasize, has a pearly elevation with blood vessels in the middle, best chance of full recovery if detected and treated early
Squamous cell carcinoma
20% of all skin cancers, arise from squamous cells of the epidermis, spreads rapidly if not removed, good chance of recovery if detected and treated early, hardened small red growth
Melanomas
Arise from melanocytes, most dangerous, spreads rapidly, early detection and treatment is the key to survival
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