SHS Anatomy chapters 5&6 test

what happens when skin cells are pushed away from the basale layer

skin cells keratinized and die

tissue under the dermis

subcutaneous

Order of Cutaneous Membrane

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous)

4 main types of tissue

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

most abundant tissue type in the body

Connective tissue

intercellular connections that lock cells together

tight junctions

tissue found in the respiratory tract

pseudostratified

where the epidermis gets its nutrients from

dermis + diffuses up

tissue found in the lung

simple squamous

multiple layers

stratified

top layer of the epidermis

stratum corneum

deep layer of the epidermis

basale

where we have the thickest skin

palms, soles, and fingertips

tissue that composes the digestive tract

simple columnar epithelium

Functions of the skin

protection, regulate temperature, produce vitamin D, and sense of reception

the vitamin the sun and skin make

vitamin D

where simple cuboidal cells are found

kidneys, ovaries, and few gland ducts

produces melanin

melanocytes

what melanin protects us from

UV radiation

where simple squamous cells are found

alveoli and capillaries

what the hypodermis is composed of

adipose and loose connective tissue

the reaction to our skin overheating

sweating and blood vessels dilate

glands that milk is secreted from

apocrine glands

how heat is retained in the body

smooth muscle blood vessels contract

folds in the dermis

dermal papillae

cells that react to allergies in the CT and secrete histamine and heparin

mast cells

cells in the CT that provide us with immune surveillance

macrophages

causes eccrine glands to sweat

overheating

bind structures, provide protection, store fat, transport fluids, and have a structural framework for the body

functions of connective tissue

where sweat from apocrine glands are located at

axilla, groin, and nipple area

most common type of cartilage

hyaline cartilage

strongest type of cartilage

fibrocartilage

where dense regular tissue is found

tissues and ligaments

causes cartilage to take a while to heal

no direct blood supply

most active region of cell division in our nails

lunula

our spleen and lymph tissue are made up of what tissue?

reticular connective tissue

large amounts of intercellular material

CT

muscle tissue with intercalated disks and is involuntary

cardiac muscle

striated and voluntary muscle

skeletal muscle

burns associated with skin grafts

third degree burns

membrane that opens to the outside

mucus membrane

membrane that opens to the inside and secretes serous fluid

serous membrane

cells that the most severe cancer comes from

melanocytes

skin cracks easily and immune system is compromised

causes of elderly skin infections

muscle tissue without striations

smooth muscle

neural tissue that supports neurons

neuroglial cells

fluid connective tissue

blood

most common type of connective tissue

fibroblast

rise in temperature to kill a pathogen

fever

hypothalamus function

regulate body temperature

sign of first degree burn

redness

sign of second degree burn

blisters

tissue replacement process

regeneration

waxy protein that is secreted by the stratified squamous

keratin

waxy stratified squamous that you can see

hair shafts

cause of goosebumps

contraction of arrector pili muscles

ABCD rule

asymmetry, border irregularity, color, diameter growth (6mm)

5 layers of epidermis found in palms (top to bottom)

stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale

cause of wrinkles during aging

skin loses elasticity

4 signs of inflammation

redness, heat, adema (swelling), and pain

jaundice

yellow pigment

pallor

white pigment

erythema

red pigment

cyanosis

blue pigment

predominant tissue of the papillary region of the dermis

Loose CT

predominant tissue of the reticular region of the dermis

Dense Irregular

4 stages of wound repair

Inflammatory, Migratory, Proliferative, Maturation

Inflammatory

Blood clot forms, enhanced delivery of WBC, prepares for repair

Migratory

Clot becomes a scab, epithelial cells begin to migrate, fibroblasts synthesizes scar tissue, damaged blood vessels repair, granulation tissue begins to fill wound

Proliferative

Extensive growth of the epithelial cells, fibroblasts randomly deposit collagen fibers

Maturation

Scab comes off, collagen becomes more organized, fibroblasts decrease in number, blood vessels restored to normal

3 types of skin cancer

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanomas

Basal cell carcinoma

78% of all skin cancers, arise from stratum basale, rarely metastasize, has a pearly elevation with blood vessels in the middle, best chance of full recovery if detected and treated early

Squamous cell carcinoma

20% of all skin cancers, arise from squamous cells of the epidermis, spreads rapidly if not removed, good chance of recovery if detected and treated early, hardened small red growth

Melanomas

Arise from melanocytes, most dangerous, spreads rapidly, early detection and treatment is the key to survival