Set #10 - Industrial Revolution Era

Industrial Revolution

gradual process by which machines replaced hand tools -from making goods by hand to making them by machine. The industrial revolution began in England/ Britain during the 18th century. In America, factories were located in the Northeast / New England States.

Samuel Slater

"Father of the Factory System" in America; escaped Britain with the memorized plans for the textile machinery;

Eli Whitney

invented interchangeable parts and the cotton gin - to separate seeds from the cotton fiber. It increased the demand for slaves.

Textile Mills / Factories

1st developed in the New England States around 1800, used water power, produced cloth ( textiles) from cotton , greatly increased the demand for cotton

Lowell Girls / Mill Girls

Young woman who worked in the Lowell Mills in Massachusetts during the Industrial Revolution

Bessemer Process

a way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities. Increased Steel Manufacturing and Railroads

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural / farm areas to cities. Example of an urban City is Houston or New York.

Rural

living in small towns / countryside - example - Hudson is a rural area

Erie Canal

a 360-mile-long man made waterway connecting the Hudson River with Lake Erie, built between 1817 and 1825. Effect: It made travel and transportation of goods from the west to the east much faster and easier. New York became very important.

American System

Henry Clay's plan for raising tariffs to pay for internal improvements such as better roads, a National Road, and canals.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Supreme Court decision in which Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that only the federal government - Congress - could regulate ferry boats as part of its power under the constitution to control "interstate commerce". This estab. the fed. gov. right to regulate commerce/ trading between states.

War of 1812

War between the U.S. and Great Britain which lasted until 1814, ending with the Treaty of Ghent and renewed patriotism or nationalism.

Free Market Economy / Free Enterprise System

economic system in which individuals decide for themselves what to produce and sell