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Homeostasis

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

Negative Feedback

A control mechanism that counteracts a change in the body's condition to return it to a set point.

Positive Feedback

A control mechanism that amplifies a change in the body's condition, pushing it further away from a set point.

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body and its parts.

Physiology

The study of the functions of the body's structures and systems.

Medial

Towards the midline of the body.

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body.

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment of a limb to the body.

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment of a limb to the body.

Superior

Towards the head or upper part of the body.

Inferior

Away from the head or towards the lower part of the body.

Anterior

Towards the front of the body.

Posterior

Towards the back of the body.

Superficial

Near the surface of the body.

Deep

Farther away from the surface of the body.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that covers and lines the surfaces of the body.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that supports, binds together, and protects other tissues and organs.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue that enables movement by contracting.

Nervous Tissue

Tissue that transmits nerve impulses throughout the body.

Atom

The smallest unit of matter that forms all substances.

Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded together.

Organelle

A specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function.

Tissue

A group of cells that work together to perform a similar function.

Organ

A structure made up of different tissues that perform a specific function.

Organ System

A group of organs that work together to perform complex functions.

Integumentary System

The organ system that includes the skin, hair, and nails.

Skeletal System

The organ system made up of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.

Muscular System

The organ system that enables movement and maintains posture.

Respiratory System

The organ system involved in breathing and gas exchange.

Cardiovascular System

The organ system that includes the heart and blood vessels.

Digestive System

The organ system responsible for the breakdown and absorption of food.

Urinary System

The organ system that removes waste products from the body.

Reproductive System

The organ system involved in producing offspring.

Cavities of the Body

Spaces within the body that contain organs.

Dorsal Cavity

The cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord.

Ventral Cavity

The cavity that contains the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic organs.

Quadrants of the Abdomen

Divisions of the abdomen into four sections: upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left.

Regions of the Abdomen

Divisions of the abdomen into nine regions based on a tic-tac-toe style grid.

Anatomical Position

The standard position of the body used as a reference point in anatomy.

Midline

The imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves.

Transverse Plane

A horizontal plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts.

Frontal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Sagittal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts.