Psychology Unit 5.4

PART 2

Personality Disorders

These disorders involve enduring patterns of behavior and internal experience

Cluster A

Odd or eccentric behaviors

Cluster B

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors

Cluster C

Anxious or fearful behaviors

Causes of Personality Disorders

Biological Factors: Genetic predisposition, neurotransmitter imbalances

Social Factors: Childhood experiences, social environment

Cognitive Factors: Maladaptive thoughts and beliefs

Paranoid Personality Disorder

Characterized by pervasive distrust and suspicion of others, interpreting their motives as malevolent

Schizoid Personality Disorder

Marked by a consistent pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Exhibits acute discomfort in close relationships, along with cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentric behaviors

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Involves a disregard for the rights of others, with a tendency towards deceit, manipulation, and a lack of remorse

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Characterized by excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behaviors, including an overwhelming desire to be noticed and dramatic behavior

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Defined by grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy for others

Borderline Personality Disorder

Features instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, along with marked impulsivity

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Demonstrates social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation

Dependent Personality Disorder

Characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Involves a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency