Fundamentals Exam 1

Describe the first level of prevention

Health promotion strategies aimed at preventing disease and enhancing well-being by encouraging healthy behaviors and lifestyles.

Describe the second level of prevention

Focuses on early diagnoses and prompt treatment to prevent progression of disease and minimize complications, as well as preventing the spread of the disease.

Describe the third level of prevention

Involves rehabilitation and measures aimed at restoring optimal functioning and improving quality of life after disease or injury.

What is the difference between the Health Belief Model and the Health Promotion Model?

The HBM addresses th relationship between a person’s belief and behavior. It shows the relationship between their perceptions, modifying factors, and the likelihood of preventatice action. The HPM describes how individual characteristics and experiences as well as behavior-specific cognition influences holistic health-promoting behavior.

What is health as defined by the WHO?

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

What are the levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Physiological, safety/security, love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization.

Name the stages in the transtheoretical model of change

Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance.

Describe the precontemplation stage

No intent to make changes within the next 6 months

Describe the contemplation stage

Cosnidering a change within the next 6 months

describe the preparation stage

Making small changes in preparation for a change in the next month

Describe the action stage

Actively enganged in strategies to change behavior; lasts up to 6 months

Describe the maintenance stage

Sustained change over time; begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely.

What are some of the internal variables that influence health beliefs and practices?

developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, and emotional and spiritual factors.

What are some of the external factors that influence a person’s helath beliefs and practices?

Family roles and practices, culture, and SDoH

What are the five social determinants of health?

economic stability, education access/quality, health care access and quality, social and community context and neighborhood and built environment.

What are the attitudes of critical thinking? 15

confidence, independent thinking, fairness, responsibility and accountability, risk taking, discipline, perseverance, creativity, curiosity, integrity, and humility.

What are some of the critical thinking skills used by nurses?

Interpretation (finding patterns), analysis (drawing conclusions), inference, evaluation, self-regulation