14 CFR Part 61 - Certification of Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors

Vocabulary flashcards covering key definitions, requirements, and regulations from 14 CFR Part 61 (Aug. 12, 2026 update).

SFAR No. 73

Robinson Helicopter Company Special Training and Experience Requirements for persons seeking to manipulate controls or act as pilot in command of Robinson model R-$22$ or R-$44$ helicopters.

Aeronautical experience

Pilot time obtained in an aircraft, flight simulator, or flight training device for meeting training and flight time requirements for an airman certificate, rating, flight review, or recency of flight experience.

Authorized instructor

A person who holds a ground or flight instructor certificate under part $61$ and is in compliance with recent experience requirements, or a person authorized by the Administrator to provide training.

Complex airplane

An airplane that has a retractable landing gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller, or in the case of a seaplane, flaps and a controllable pitch propeller.

Cross-country time (General)

Time acquired during a flight conducted by a pilot certificate holder in an aircraft that includes a landing at a point other than the point of departure and involves the use of navigation systems.

Technically advanced airplane (TAA)

An airplane equipped with an electronically advanced avionics system including an electronic Primary Flight Display (PFD), a Multifunction Display (MFD), and a two-axis autopilot.

Night vision goggle operation

The portion of a flight occurring between $1$ hour after sunset to $1$ hour before sunrise where the pilot maintains visual surface reference using night vision goggles.

Pilot time

Time in which a person serves as a required pilot flight crewmember, or receives or gives training from an authorized instructor in an aircraft, full flight simulator, or approved training device.

Practical test

A test on the areas of operations for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization conducted by having the applicant respond to questions and demonstrate maneuvers in flight or an approved device.

Knowledge test

A test on the aeronautical knowledge areas required for an airman certificate or rating that can be administered in written form or by a computer.

Motor vehicle action

A conviction after November $29$, $1990$, for a statute relating to operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated or impaired, or administrative actions resulting in license cancellation, suspension, or denial.

Temporary certificate

A certificate issued for up to $120$ days to a qualified person pending the issuance of a permanent airman certificate.

Flight review

A requirement consisting of a minimum of $1$ hour of flight training and $1$ hour of ground training every $24$ calendar months to act as pilot in command of an aircraft.

Recent flight experience (Passenger carry)

The requirement for a pilot in command to have made at least three takeoffs and three landings within the preceding $90$ days in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type.

Instrument proficiency check

A check required to reestablish instrument currency for a person who has failed to meet the instrument experience requirements for more than $6$ calendar months.

Type rating

A rating required to act as pilot in command of a large aircraft (except lighter-than-air), a turbojet-powered airplane, or other aircraft specified by the Administrator.

High-performance airplane

An airplane with an engine of more than $200$ horsepower.

Special purpose pilot authorization

An authorization issued to the holder of a foreign pilot license for the purpose of performing pilot duties on a civil aircraft of U.S. registry leased by a non-U.S. citizen.

Aviation training device

A training device, other than a full flight simulator or flight training device, that has been evaluated, qualified, and approved by the Administrator.

Solo flight (General)

Flight time during which a student pilot is the sole occupant of the aircraft.

Mast bumping

One of the five specific ground training subject areas required by SFAR No. $73$ for Robinson helicopter operations.

International air service

Scheduled air service performed in airplanes for the public transport of passengers, mail, or cargo, in which the service passes through the airspace over the territory of more than one country.

Aided night flight

Flight in which the pilot uses night vision goggles to maintain visual surface reference.

Airman Certification Standards (ACS)

Applicable standards incorporated by reference used as the listing of areas of operation and tasks for completing a practical test.

Category A aircraft

A small aircraft identified in $§ 97.3(b)(1)$ eligible for Category II or Category III operation authorizations under specific safe performance determinations.