Module 1: Physical Education and Physical Fitness Concepts and Assessment — Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and definitions from Module 1: Physical Education and Physical Fitness Concepts and Assessment.

Physical Fitness

The body's ability to function efficiently and effectively; comprises health-related and skill-related components; requires regular physical activity; fitness testing assesses status.

Health-Related Fitness

Components used to measure general well-being: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

Cardiovascular Endurance

Also known as aerobic fitness; ability of the heart, lungs, and circulatory system to sustain exercise over time (e.g., running, walking, cycling, swimming).

Muscular Strength

Maximum force that a muscle or muscle group can exert against a resistance; often measured by the largest weight you can lift or push/pull.

Muscular Endurance

Ability to repeatedly apply maximal force or sustain a contraction over time (e.g., multiple push-ups).

Flexibility

Range of motion of the joints; important for free movement and gymnastics.

Body Composition

Percentage of body fat in the body; reflects fat mass versus lean mass.

Skill-Related Fitness

Components that influence performance in motor tasks: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.

Agility

Ability to change and control the body's direction and position quickly while in motion.

Balance

Ability to stabilize the body when standing still or moving.

Coordination

Ability to use senses and body parts together during movement (e.g., hand–eye coordination).

Reaction Time

Time between a stimulus and the beginning of a response.

Speed

Ability to move the body quickly; rapid movement of the whole body or parts of it.

Power

Ability to move body parts swiftly while applying maximum muscular force; a combination of speed and strength.

Specificity

Fitness tests must assess fitness for the specific activity or sport in question.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Objectivity

Test results are the same regardless of the tester (inter-tester reliability).

Reliability

A test yields the same results when repeated under the same conditions.

Personal Maximum Heart Rate (PMHR)

The maximum heart rate, approximately 220 minus age.

Target Heart Rate (THR)

The heart-rate zone used during exercise, expressed as a percentage of PMHR/MHR (e.g., 40–55% moderate, 60–85% vigorous).

Target Moderate Heart Rate

40–55% of MHR.

Target Vigorous Heart Rate

60–85% of MHR.

220 − Age

Formula to estimate Personal Maximum Heart Rate (PMHR).

Fitness Test Protocol

A set of standardized tests chosen based on the individual’s sport, purpose, and needs; can be modified for age, ability, or special populations.

Special Populations Testing

Tests and protocols tailored for groups such as the young, elderly, or obese, as well as the general population.

Reasons for Fitness Testing

To identify strengths/weaknesses, evaluate training programs, monitor post-injury recovery, set goals, assess health status, identify talent, and aid motivation.