EXAM II REVIEW - Photography

what are the negative effect of using diopters to increase magnification

focus becomes soft when more than one filter is stacked on top of one another

what methodology is used to capture indoor overall images

four-corners method

With telephoto lenses their weakness is "perspective distortion' in the form of foreground-to-background compression

True

Which image does not have to be recorded in RAW format

suspect line-ups

what is the purpose of using a scale, that has a circle printed on its surface, at a crime scene?

it is used to calculate the angle of the film plane by measuring the major and minor axes of the circle

Category 1 images should be captured using JPG file formatting, true or false

True

Why utilize a 'tent' when photographing evidence up close

The 'tent' will give you even illumination without any shadowing

Place the type of images into the correct category of images

category 1 photos: autopsy images, general crime scene photos, arrest photographs (such as mug shots) Category 2 photos: Pattern evidence, latent print, impression evidence

In macrophotography, the higher the magnification

all the above (the less depth of field, the more light is necessary, the more difficult the project)

1. The following are all examples of photographic accessories to compose macrophotographs EXCEPT

All of the Above (diopter filter set, extension tube, reverse rings, "macro" lenses)

When utilizing a FFT plug-in filter, the image is converted to the periodic or frequency domain (in which the image data is organize and displayed as a function of frequencies, rather than position in space). Then the repetitive "frequency spikes or signatures" are edited and the image is converted back to the spatial domain diminishing or eliminating the interfering pattern, True or False

True

What are some commonly accepted advanced enhancement techniques of category 2 images?

All of the above (advanced image sharpening, noise reduction, Fourier analysis)

Category 2 images can be defined as

Evidentiary images used for scientific analysis and comparison

the minimum focusing distance for a typical 50 mm lenses is about __ inches

18

What is the purpose of taking evidence photos without a scale being present

for court purposes, shows the crime scene without any modifications

"Hotspots" can be defined as

a bright spot within your image, causing overexposure

All effective alternative to direct flash lighting

bounced lighting, diffused lighting, ambient lighting

poor example of good crime scene documentation

no scale in the picture, possible cross-contamination of trace evidence, not examination quality photograph, the film plane angle

A True and Accurate representation refers to photo documentation of the scene as it originally appeared to the photographer that is with a minimal amount of distortion due to lighting, focal length, composition, etc.

True

Looking through your lens backwards created a magnifying glass effect, true or false?

True

What effects the admissibility of photographic evidence into court?

All of the Above (must be relevant to the issues of the case, must be true and accurate representation of a crime scene, probative value must outweigh prejudicial effects of photographs)

What does SWGIT stand for

Scientific working group on informational technology

An image that is described to have very low dynamic range means

the peaks are present in only a small fraction of the histogram

"Examination Quality" photographs are photograps taken at the proper resolution, angle, lighting and scale to allow for additional forensic comparisons

True

A polarizing filter can be used in photography to reduce glare from surfaces, such as glass

True

When photographing 3D impressions with oblique illumination sometimes an impression will appear to have raised elements, and sometimes the elements will appear to be depressed, this effect is known as the

inversion effect

what are considered to be the best practices in digital image enhancement

preserve the original image, maintain an enhancement history log, follow a standard operating procedure (SOP) that defines the complete digital imaging process

When using the Levels function in photo ship to adjust the shadows and highlight of an image, you should be careful not to clip to many pixels

True

Category 1 Images can be defined as

documentation images used to record a time, place, or event

The first systematic attempt at personal identification is known as

bertillonage

The purpose of utilizing an attenuated light technique while photographing a bloody footwear print in total darkness, that is being treated with luminol would be

to capture a conventional scale in the picture

Built-in flash units are

all of the above (convenient, least powerful, inconveniently places, may cause red-eye problems)

When making examination quality photographs of impression evidence, he following is true about your lighting technique

attach a flash and hold approximately 5 feet away from the impressions

You should try to avoid using the highest f-stop lenses setting because this smallest aperture opening you are likely to get some diffraction

true

It is important to use a flash from only one oblique angles when photographing a 3D print

FALSE

List and explain the 3 series of images that should be taken to completely document a crime scene

long-range, mid-range, closeups

In macrophotography work, we are usually trying to fill the frame with a magnification ration of

1:1

when photographic a black, soot-stained surface, what is the camera likely going to do with the exposure

overexpose the photo

typical, you should NOT use a flash in rainy or snowy conditions

True

When can a flash that is attached directly to the camera's hot shoe be problematic?

all of the above (portrait photography, macro photography, photographing reflective surfaces)

why utilize an "external" flash as opposed to the camera's built-in flash

all of the above (it is more powerful, it can be angled for bounding the light off a wall or ceiling, it can be removed from the hot shoe and directed obliquely at your subject, side lighting gives you more dimensionality compared to front lighting)