Chapter 7: Reactions of Ions in Aqueous Solutions

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the reactions of ions in aqueous solutions, including types of reactions, properties of electrolytes, the significance of solubility rules, and key definitions related to redox and neutralization reactions.

What are the driving forces for reactions in aqueous solutions?

Formation of solid (precipitate), formation of a gas, transfer of electrons (redox), formation of water (acid-base neutralization).

What occurs when ionic compounds are dissolved in water?

They dissociate into their respective cations and anions.

Give an example of a strong electrolyte.

NaCl, which dissociates completely into ions in solution.

What distinguishes weak electrolytes from strong electrolytes?

Weak electrolytes do not dissociate fully in solution, while strong electrolytes dissociate completely.

Define non-electrolytes and provide an example.

Non-electrolytes do not dissociate into ions in solution, e.g., sugar (C12H22O11).

What are spectator ions?

Ions that remain in solution and do not participate in the reaction.

What type of reaction is represented by K₂CrO4 + Ba(NO3)2 producing BaCrO4 and KNO3?

A double-replacement reaction.

What is the significance of solubility rules in precipitation reactions?

They determine which products are soluble or insoluble, affecting whether a precipitate forms.

What is the net ionic equation for the reaction of strong acids and bases?

H+ + OH- → H2O.

Describe a redox reaction.

A reaction involving the transfer of electrons where oxidation and reduction occur.

What does 'OIL RIG' stand for in redox reactions?

Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain.

What are the products of a neutralization reaction?

Water and a salt.

What characterizes a synthesis reaction?

Two or more reactants combine to form a single product.

List examples of strong acids that act as strong electrolytes.

HCl, HNO3, H2SO4.

What is produced in a combustion reaction involving hydrocarbons?

Carbon dioxide and water.

How is the redox reaction between sodium and oxygen classified?

An oxidation-reduction reaction.

What typically happens to ionic compounds in average aqueous solutions?

They dissociate into cations and anions.

Name a common strong base.

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

How can you identify if a salt is formed from a neutralization reaction?

It will consist of the cation from the base and the anion from the acid.

What happens when a strong acid and a weak base react?

A water molecule is formed along with a salt.

What does it mean for a compound to be soluble?

It readily dissolves in a solvent, typically water.

What is an example of a decomposition reaction?

The breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.