1/53
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
Catch-up growth
Phenomenon in which children who have experienced growth deficits will grow rapidly and catch up to the growth trajectory they are genetically programmed to follow
Endocrine gland
Type of gland that secretes chemicals directly into the bloodstream that stimulate growth and regulate bodily functions
Pituitary gland
The Master Gland located at the base of the brain that regulates the other endocrine glands and produces growth hormone
Growth hormone
Hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates childhood physical growth and the adolescent growth spurt
Endocrine system
Hormonal system consisting of a group of endocrine glands that secrete chemicals (hormones) directly into the bloodstream
Testosterone
Most important of male hormones or androgens, essential for normal sexual development during the prenatal period and puberty. A male foetus will not develop male reproductive organs unless a gene on his Y chromosome triggers the prenatal development of the testes which then secrete the testosterone
Androgens
Male hormones, such as testosterone, that help trigger the adolescent growth spurt and the development of the male sex organs, secondary sex characteristics and sexual motivation.
Estrogen
Female hormone responsible for the development of the female sex organs, secondary sex characteristics (breasts, menstrual cycle)
Progesterone
Female hormone responsible for bodily changes that allow conception and support a pregnancy
Neuron
The basic unit of the nervous system, a nerve cell
Myelin
A fatty sheath that insulates neural axons and thereby speeds the transmission of neural impulses
Myelination
The process of depositing a fatty sheath around neural axons that insulates them and thereby speeds the transmission of neural impulses.
Cephalocaudal principle of growth
The principle that growth proceeds from the head (cephalic region) to the tail (caudal region).
Proximodistal principle of growth
The principle that growth proceeds from the centre of the body (or the proximal region) to the extremities (or the distal regions).
Orthogenetic principle of growth
The principle that growth and development proceeds from global and undifferentiated states toward more differentiated and integrated patterns of response.
Synaptic pruning
The removal of unnecessary synapses, or connections, between neurons.
Brain plasticity
it is responsive to the individual's experiences and can develop in a variety of ways
Gross motor skills
Motor skills that involve large muscles and whole body or limb movements.
Fine motor skills
Motor skills that involve precise movements of the hands and fingers or feet and toes.
Puberty
biological process resulting in the ability to produce a child
Babinski reflex
infants to fan their toes when the bottoms of their feet are stroked
Dementia
a progressive loss of neural functioning
Vascular dementia
results from a series of small strokes, each adding rather quickly to the observed deterioration
Neurofibrillary tangles
twisted strands of neural fibres and the protein tau within the bodies of neural cells - present in Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease
A pathological condition of the nervous system that results in an irreversible loss of cognitive capacities; the leading cause of dementia in later life.
dynamic systems theory
A perspective on motor development that proposes more sophisticated patterns of motor behaviour emerge over time through a process of adapting motor responses as a result of sensory feedback.
gross motor skills
Motor skills that involve large muscles and whole body or limb movements.
fine motor skills
Motor skills that involve precise movements of the hands and fingers or feet and toes.
brain lateralisation
The specialisation of the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex of the brain.
secular trend
A trend in industrialised societies toward earlier maturation and greater body size.
Celiac disease
inherited digestive problem in which gluten triggers an immune response that leads to inflammation and damages the small intestine
biopsychosocial model
a model of health that integrates the effects of biological, behavioral, and social and cultural factors on health and illness
Synaptogenesis
the process by which neurons form synapses with other neurons, resulting in trillions of connections
Fontanelles
Areas where the infant's skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age.
Reflex
an unlearned and involuntary response to a stimulus
REM sleep
active sleep, rapid eye movement, half of newborns sleep, 25-30% of infants older than 6mo, and 20% of adults.
Congenital malformations
refers to physical defects developing either in the uterus or dating from birth
Body mass index (BMI)
A measure of body fat based on height and weight.
Adrenarche
andrenal glands increase production of adrenal androgens sometime between ages 6 and 8
Concussion
a bruise like injury of the brain
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE)
a progressive, degenerative condition involving brain damage resulting from multiple episodes of head trauma
Menarche
the first menstrual period
Semenarche
a male's first ejaculation
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS)
a group of metabolic conditions occurring together that increases a person's risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes
Neurogenesis
the formation of new neurons
Hippocampus
a neural center located in the limbic system; involved in learning and memory
Prostate gland
A gland in males that contributes to the seminal fluid.
Premenstrual syndrome
symptoms that develop just prior to onset of menstrual period; can include irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
a condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems that are closely linked to the menstrual cycle
Menopause
the time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines
Andropause
referred to as male menopause; is marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone
Osteoarthritis
joint problem from gradual deterioration of the cartilage that cushions the bones from rubbing against each other
Osteoporosis
A condition in which the body's bones become porous, weak, and break easily.
Health disparity
a specific difference that is closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage