Biology- Genetics

Allele

Variations of a trait

Gene

specific part on a chromosome that codes for a trait

Monohybrid

A genetic cross between two organisms that differ in a single trait (such as eye color or flower color).

dihybrid

A genetic cross between two organisms that differ in two traits, examining the inheritance of both simultaneously.

co-dominance

A situation where two different alleles for a gene are both expressed in the phenotype of the organism, with neither allele being dominant over the other.

Incomplete dominance

A genetic situation where neither allele is completely dominant over the other, leading to an intermediate phenotype.

genotype

The genetic constitution of an organism, representing the combination of alleles inherited from both parents.

phenotype

The observable physical or physiological traits of an organism, determined by its genotype and environmental factors.

dominant

An allele that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype. It is represented by a capital letter.

recessive

An allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present. It is represented by a lowercase letter.

Heterozygous

An organism with two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa).

Homozygous

An organism with two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa).

sex linked traits

Traits that are determined by genes located on the sex chromosomes, often the X chromosome, leading to different inheritance patterns in males and females.

blood type

Blood type is classified by the presence or absence of specific antigens on red blood cells, with types A, B, AB, and O, determined by the ABO gene system.

Heredity

The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring through genes

Father of genetics

Gregor Mendel, an Austrian scientist, established the foundation of genetics through his pea plant experiments.

P generation

The parent generation in a genetic cross. This consists of the two individuals that are crossed to produce the F1 generation.

F1 generation

The first generation of offspring resulting from a cross between two organisms from the P generation.

genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism, representing the specific alleles inherited from both parents. It determines the potential traits an organism can express.

autosomal recessive

a pattern where a recessive trait is expressed only when an individual inherits two copies of the recessive allele, one from each parent.

autosomal dominance

An inheritance pattern where a trait is expressed if at least one dominant allele is inherited from either parent.

What does each chromosome code for?

Each chromosome codes for different traits.

traits

Observable characteristics or features of an organism, such as eye color, height, or blood type, determined by genetic information.