AP Chemistry Ion List and Naming Rules

Flashcards covering common polyatomic ions, monatomic group charges, oxyanion suffix rules, and acid nomenclature based on the provided AP Chemistry transcript.

Acetate

$C_2H_3O_2^-$ or $CH_3COO^-$

Ammonium

$$NH_4^+$$

Bicarbonate

$$HCO_3^-$$

Bisulfate

$$HSO_4^-$$

Bromate

$$BrO_3^-$$

Carbonate

$$CO_3^{2-}$$

Chlorate

$$ClO_3^-$$

Chromate (yellow)

$$CrO_4^{2-}$$

Cyanide

$$CN^-$$

Dichromate (orange)

$$Cr_2O_7^{2-}$$

Hydronium

$$H_3O^+$$

Hydroxide

$$OH^-$$

Iodate

$$IO_3^-$$

Nitrate

$$NO_3^-$$

Oxalate

$$C_2O_4^{2-}$$

Permanganate (purple)

$$MnO_4^-$$

Peroxide

$$O_2^{2-}$$

Phosphate

$$PO_4^{3-}$$

Silver

$Ag^+$ (Transition metal forming only one monoatomic cation)

Sulfate

$$SO_4^{2-}$$

Thiosulfate

$$S_2O_3^{2-}$$

Thiocyanate

$$SCN^-$$

Zinc

$Zn^{2+}$ (Transition metal forming only one monoatomic cation)

Group 1 monatomic ions

Form $1+$ ions

Group 2 monatomic ions

Form $2+$ ions

Group 13 monatomic ions

Form $3+$ ions

Group 15 non-metal ions

Form $3-$ ions

Group 16 non-metal ions

Form $2-$ ions

Group 17 monatomic ions

Form $1-$ ions

-ite oxyanion

Has one less oxygen than the "-ate" ion (e.g., Iodite is $IO_2^-$)

hypo-root-ite oxyanion

Has one less oxygen than the "-ite" ion (e.g., hypoiodate is $IO^-$)

per-root-ate oxyanion

Has one more oxygen than the "-ate" ion (e.g., periodate is $IO_4^-$)

H + element acid naming rule

Use prefix $hydro-$, element root, and $-ic$ ending (e.g., $HCl$ is hydrochloric acid)

Hydrocyanic acid

$HCN$; an exception named with the $hydro-$ prefix because it is a polyatomic ion without oxygen

H + -ate polyatomic ion acid naming rule

The acid name becomes the root + $-ic$ acid (e.g., $H_2SO_4$ is sulfuric acid)

H + -ite polyatomic ion acid naming rule

The acid name becomes the root + $-ous$ acid (e.g., $H_2SO_3$ is sulfurous acid)

Cupric

$Cu^{2+}$ (blue)

Cuprous

$Cu^+$ (green)

Ferric

$Fe^{3+}$ (yellow)

Ferrous

$Fe^{2+}$ (green)

Nickel

$Ni^{2+}$ (green)