Kines 203 L11 Male Reproductive System

gonads

the testes which are contained in the scrotum that produce gametes and hormones

gametes

sex cells know as spermatozoa that are generated by meiosis to get 23 chromosomes from each parent

testosterone

the main hormone that aids in gamete production and secondary sex characteristics

testes

a paired organ found inside the scrotum and produce sperm

Sertoli cell

testicles secrete this cell to be like a helper cell that helps testosterone develop and helps sperm grow to other hormones

FSH

helps stimulate sperm production

LH

helps stimulate testosterone production

epididymis

where sperm cells are stored and formed

epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory duct - prostate gland - urethra

pathway for sperm

coitus

the medical term for intercourse

erection

medical term for vasodilation of the penis

circumcision

the removal of the foreskin of the penis

semen

a thick whitish fluid that can also be kind of tinged yellow that contain sperm, also contains fluid from the seminal vesicle, the prostate gland, and the Cowper’s gland

testo

root for testicle

orchio

root for testis

oscheo

root for scrotum

semin

root for semen

spermy or spermato

root for semen spermatozoa

epididymo

root for epididymis

vaso

root for vas deferens or ductus deferens

vesiculo

root for seminal vesicle

prostato

root for prostate

the five cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation

redness, swelling, pain, loss of function, heat

chlamydia and gonorrhea

bacterial infection STI’s that can be treated with antibiotics

signs and symptoms of chlamydia and gonorrhea

pain and swelling in the testicles, discharge from the penis, pain with urination, lower abdominal pain, bleeding

genital herpes

STI that is a viral infection and cannot be treate with antibiotics

signs and symptoms of genital herpes

small red bumps or white blisters, itching and pain int eh genital area, flu-like symptoms including fever and body aches

urethritis

infection just in the urethra

prostatitis

infection higher up in the prostate gland

orchitis

infection in the actual testicle itself

epididymitis

infection in the epididymis

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

prostate gland becomes enlarged, non-malignant or non-cancerous

signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia

unable to urinate, frequent sensation to urinate but unable to, pain, swelling, redness and hotness, loss of function, abdomen issues, increased body temperature, pyuria, dysuria

prostatectomy

removal of the prostate gland

TURP

removal of the prostate gland through the urethra which has a quicker recovery

diagnosis of prostate cancer

digital rectal exam, CT scan, prostate specific antigen count in blood, biopsy (T1, T2, T3, T4)

prostate cancer T1

a small tumor just in the prostate gland

prostate cancer T2

the tumor is a little bit larger but it still within the prostate gland; the first state that the prostate gland can be felt during a digital rectal exam

prostate cancer T3

when a tumor spreads out of the prostate gland and usually to a lymph node

prostate cancer T4

when a tumor is spread through the lymph nodes and is infiltrating other organs; once its spread, surgery is no longer an option

testicular cancer

accounts for less than 1% of all cancers affecting males and develops in the germ cells inside the testicles

treatment for testicular cancer

most frequent is to remove the testicle, some patients have an implant put in place when a testicle is removed, radiation or chemotherapy are typically done after the testicle is removed if the tumor has spread to the lymph nodes

testicular cancer T0

cancer is contained within the seminiferous tubules in the testicle but has not invaded any other aspect of the testicle

testicular cancer T1

the tumor is now grown outside the seminiferous tubules into other testicular structures and may have started growing outside of the testicle but has not invaded the lymph nodes

testicular cancer T2

the tumor has now invaded the lymph nodes but has not spread to distant parts of the body

testicular cancer T3

the cancer has spread to other locations and distant parts of the body

Cryptorchidism

when one or both of the testes don’t descend into the scrotum

sterility

the medical term for infertility and is permanent

causes of infertility

STIs, hormones, stress, side effects of medication, physical attributes, vasectomy

vasectomy

a procedure where a surgeon would go in and cut the vas deferens on both sides and seals it off with a cautery to prevent sperm from being ejaculated through the urethra

erectile dysfunction

the failure to maintain an erection

reasons for erectile dysfunction

psychogenic, cardiovascular disease, high/low blood pressure, side effect of antidepressants

treatment for erectile dysfunction

medication: nitric oxide that prolong nitric oxide at the receptor which allows a male to maintain an erection

penile vacuum pumps

the pump goes over the top of the penis and when squeezed the pump is supposed to reverse the blood flow back to the penis; there is not much evidence that they work

penile implant

this device has two cylinders that are medically or surgically placed in the shaft of the penis. One goes on the right side of the urethra and one goes on the left. The reservoir, filled with saline, gets implanted into the abdomen, sitting behind the pubic bone. In action, the reservoir fluid will be pumped into the cylinder when somebody wants an erection. To maintain an erection, whatever testicle contains the pump is squeezed and that causes the fluid to be released from the reservoir into the cylinder.

inguinal hernia

an obstruction in the inguinal canal that causes a tear in the inguinal ligament. The small or large intestines poking through that tear is a major concern.

direct inguinal hernia

inguinal hernia: a tear right through the abdominal wall

indirect inguinal hernia

inguinal hernia: it’s pushing against your abdominal wall