Studied by 2 people
CASE STUDIES ONLY using Power, Places, People, Processes, Possibilities structure
Mekong: power
countries upstream have power over the water supply of downstream countries
Dams built by China
access to water fuels industry, health
Mekong: places
China, Laos PDR, Cambodia, Vietnam, Tibet
7th longest river in Asia, 12th in world
drains 810,000 km2 from plateau of tibet to south china sea
Mekong: people
Mekong River Commission- all countries members help to regulate, manage and hold each other accountable
yet everyone only helps themselves
Mekong: processes
construction of dams to be used for hydroelectricity, support 80% of rice fields in china
release of dams may swamp homes eg Xayburi dam affected 1571 families
in Laos, funded by Thailand, affected Vietnam
Mekong: possibilities
Integrated Water Resource Management Plan (IWRM) created by mekong river commission
water utilisation project enables 4 member countries to undergo data exchange, water use monitoring, consultation and agreement before projects, maintenance of downstream flow, water quality regulation.
Three Gorges Dam: Power
Generates energy for China.
Considered a monument of national pride, Political.
Move signals commitment to clean energy.
China's technological strength.
However, wreaks ecological damage downstream, including silt deposits in Shanghai and many landslides.
Three Gorges Dam: Places
Spends the Yangtze River downstream of the Three Gorges Dam,
China's world's largest hydroelectric dam
Dam sits on a seismic fault line. Vulnerable to earthquake damage.
Prompts erosion in the Yangtze River basin, creating silt deposits downstream. Sedimentation along base of river.
Three Gorges Dam: People
Ministry of Environmental Protection, China
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.
Fishermen, locals, farmers.
Three Gorges Dam: Processes
Generates electricity with large water turbines.
Ship lift to transport goods along river, protects plane from floods.
Three Gorges Dam: Possibilities
Hydroelectricity reduces greenhouse emissions. Alternative to coal.
Increased risk of landslides.
Settlement deposition onto the deposition bank that Singapore rests on.
NASA calculated that shift of water mass stored in this dam would increase the total length of Earth's day by 0.6 microseconds, make Earth rounder and flatten poles, change local seismicity.
Masdar, UAE: Power
An example of a sustainable city from its genesis, yet it is hard to implement sustainability into preexisting cities.
Ability to function without cars. Cars are parks, outskirts and trams are used.
A hub of new tech. Developed to assist with local climate.
Masdar, UAE: Places
Masdar City is close to the UAE capital of Dubai.
Masdar, UAE: People
Mazda Institute, a graduate research facility.
150 lived there. Currently the city can house 90,000.
UAE government.
Masdar, UAE: Processes
Sustainable energy
Solar panels have sunlight reflected and then onto them with mirrors.
Waste is regulated environmental control.
Buildings oriented 45° off sun's path.
Light management. Air compression.
Conserves power, motion sensing, light, battery grid.
Masdar, UAE: Possibilities
Expand city to a full capacity.
Demonstrates how to incorporate traditional knowledge of how to work with local climate with technological advancements,
car free, people centered city development, walking space, shared zones,
challenges. Very expensive.
Hukou System, China: Power
High regulation of people, movement,
push factors, demolished village, less access to services, no jobs.
Pull factors Ability to send money. Greater connection to society.
Hukou System, China: Places
East Coast of China has high density of mega cities.
coastal location gives access to shipping ports
many rural villages are demolished to make way for agriculture or industry
Hukou System, China: People
70% of China will live in cities.
If government hits its goal, 1 billion Chinese will live in urban areas in 20-30.
Male demographics tend to move to cities.
Hukou System, China: Processes
Hukou system household registration for home province and therefore where they have rights
designed to get people to not migrate all at once.
Rural urban migration.
Hukou System, China: Possibilities
Chinese population in cities will swell, causing potential overpopulation, congestion and strain on resources in cities.
Increased labor force in cities equals increased productivity.
Dharavi, Mumbai, India: Power
Internal informal economy of small businesses.
Recycling industry.
Large labor force lives in Dharavi
only slum with billion dollar economy. Worker earns $3 per day.
Dharavi, Mumbai, India: Places
mumbai is a mega city in india
dharavi is tin shacks with tarp and tin roofs.
Dharavi, Mumbai, India: People
45% of Mumbai lives in slums.
Dharavi is the largest over 175 hectares.
Lots of intergenerational living young families seeking money to send home.
Dharavi, Mumbai, India: Processes
Water flows for two hours per day.
Communal toilets,
Meals shared at home.
Dharavi, Mumbai, India: Possibilities
Development of housing, sanitation and water access in Dharavi
increased local education. Free government education until the age of 14.
Make use of sense of community.
Detroit’s Vehicle Industry, USA: Power
Power in early to mid 20th century due to success of Packard Auto plant
3.5 million square feet, 36,000 employed.
Closed down in 1958 due to over streamlining of process.
Riots in 1967 due to economic downturn.
Detroit’s Vehicle Industry, USA: Places
Packard Auto Plant.
Detroit, MI in USA
high poverty rates.
Detroit’s Vehicle Industry, USA: People
Population of 2 million in 1950. Declining ever since.
Many single parents,
high crime rates.
Detroit’s Vehicle Industry, USA: Processes
Social and economic deprivation equals
bad education equals
low work prospects equals
relationship turmoil equals
poor parenting equals
social emotional deprivation, etcetera.
Detroit’s Vehicle Industry, USA: Possibilities
Urban renewal,
developing housing, urban gardens and local empty lots.
Yet many people will still move away.
Malaria (Vector Borne Disease): Power
Climactic conditions
Warm, humid equals breeding grounds and mosquitoes.
Stagnant water equals improper sanitation equals let's larvae form.
Monsoonal rain.
Malaria (Vector Borne Disease): Places
Africa, Asia, Latin America have the highest death rates.
The areas that experience monsoonal rainfall are often tropical or LICs.
Malaria (Vector Borne Disease): People
High mortality rate.
Particularly infants, children, elderly or people with reduced immunity.
This burdens healthcare financing.
Malaria (Vector Borne Disease): Processes
Vector borne
spread by living organisms such as blood transmitting insects or vermin.
Malaria (Vector Borne Disease): Possibilities
Mitigation strategies include
protection against bites,
vaccination with. anti Mosquito formula
education,
high quality medical care and
also education on safer water management practices.
Cholera (Water Borne Disease): Power
Diarrheal infection caused by contaminated water equals dehydration.
High mortality and morbidity.
Cholera (Water Borne Disease): Places
Affects highly and densely populated areas such as slums,
continents with overall worse sanitation,
Africa, South Asia, Latin America, Middle East.
Cholera (Water Borne Disease): People
Strains on healthcare systems.
Inadequate number of doctors
affects infants and elderly the most.
Cholera (Water Borne Disease): Processes
Inadequate water treatment and sanitation equals transmission.
Disease acts quickly,
creates economic disruption.
Cholera (Water Borne Disease): Possibilities
Improved hygiene, sanitation and access to healthcare.
Improved water management by boiling water.
Less contamination. Containment of contamination,
education, outreach, disease prevention.
Famine in the Horn of Africa: Power
Drought equals impossible crop growth.
Conflict equals civil war.
Al Shabaab militants blockaded food aid, killed aid workers, damaged crops.
Poverty, lack of agriculture tech, high prices.
Famine in the Horn of Africa: Places
East Africa, Somalia, Kenya, Ethiopia.
Famine began in 2011, but warning signs present as early as 2010.
Famine in the Horn of Africa: People
Affected 13 million East Africans.
Approximately 250,000 died in Somalia. 50% of deaths were children under 5.
Famine in the Horn of Africa: Processes
IPC integrated food security Phase classification.
five out of five catastrophe rating in Somalia and Ethiopia
and a stage 3 out of five in Kenya.
One is the worst, three is malnutrition, 5 is starvation.
Famine in the Horn of Africa: Possibilities
Slow response to crisis of six months
many donors were waiting for evidence of an issue before providing aid.
Oxfam funding raised over 100 million for emergency support and food
NGO's such as the. WFP, WHO, UNICEF, Central Emergency Response Fund provided food aid funding for vaccines and sanitations.
Irrigation in West Africa: Power
Irrigation equals greater crop yield equals less poverty, higher income, less malnutrition.
Impoverished West African areas have less financing to undergo big irrigation projects.
Irrigation in West Africa: Places
Only 4% of sub-Saharan Africa is irrigated using solar panel.
Solar powered drip irrigated gardens in West Africa's Sudano Sahel region.
Irrigation in West Africa: People
Solar Electric Light Fund SELF is rolling out solar powered irrigations.
Small holders equals individuals or groups who organize this.
Irrigation in West Africa: Processses
Implementation of irrigation equipment increases crop yield equals less direct malnutrition.
Farmers can sell vegetables for profit and therefore invest in small business equipment.
Irrigation in West Africa: Possibilities
Different types of water sourcing
groundwater, rainwater, surface water. Artesian wells
prioritised detailed hydrological mapping to identify best types of irrigation.
Community involvement to see results.
Adapt local self-sufficiency.
Greater overall sustainability contributes to fighting climate change.
COVID-19: Power
If China reported virus 3 weeks earlier, number of cases cut by 95%.
Power for. Whoever creates the vaccine,
countries desire to look good versus do the right thing and report the virus.
COVID-19: Places
Began in a wet market in Wuhan province, China. When a person ate an infected bat,
wet markets spread zoonotic diseases.
Many countries reacted too late.
COVID-19: People
3/4 of people hospitalized had another underlying disease.
Men were more likely to die as well as elderly.
7 million deaths.
COVID-19: Processes
COVID-19 comes from SARS COV 2 bacteria and is spread by contaminated droplets in body openings.
“Flatten the curve” equals social distancing, lengthens the pandemic with less deaths.
COVID-19: Possibilities
Race for COVID-19 vaccinations.
AstraZeneca, Pfizer. Moderna.
Create herd immunity where enough are immune that disease won't spread.
Invest in public health during pandemic- free times to prep for inevitable
Take animal disease samples to predict next virus.
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