The Progressive Era

Conservation Reforms

Efforts to save natural resources and preserve natural beauty through acts like the establishment of the National Park Service and advocacy by John Muir.

The Square Deal

Roosevelt's goal of achieving fairness for capital, labor, and the public through corporate regulation, consumer protection, and conservation.

Pure Food & Drug Act

1906 act that banned the interstate shipping of impure food and mislabeling of food and drugs.

Hepburn Act

Authorized the interstate commerce commission to regulate railroads.

Meat Inspection Act

1906 act that required federal inspection of meat shipped over state lines, ensuring consumer safety.

Department of Commerce & Labor

Established in 1903 to investigate activities of corporations and settle disputes between capital and labor.

New Nationalism Platform

Teddy Roosevelt's plans for business regulation, welfare laws, workplace protection, and voting reform.

New Freedom Platform

Woodrow Wilson's platform that favored trust-busting, small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and a return to a free competitive economy.

Underwood Tariff Bill

Progressive ideal of lowering tariffs to decrease the power of trusts and increase international trade.

Federal Reserve Act 1913

Created a federal system of government banks to provide a flexible money supply and survive private banks.

Federal Trade Commission Act

Established the FTC to order firms to stop unfair business practices.

Clayton Antitrust Act

Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by prohibiting specific activities of big businesses and legalizing labor unions.

Workmen's Compensation Act

Provided workers with compensation coverage for employment-related injuries and diseases.

Child Labor Acts

Limited working hours for children and prohibited the interstate sale of goods produced by child labor.

16th Amendment

Granted Congress the ability to tax based on income.

17th Amendment

Mandated the direct election of U.S. senators by popular vote within each state.

18th Amendment

Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

Florence Kelly

Women's rights activist who founded the National Consumers League and helped improve factory conditions.

Jane Addams

Social worker who opened Hull House and helped immigrant women with job skills, education, and art programs.

Alice Paul

Social activist who organized women for recruitment and formed the National Woman's Party, using public protest marches.

Mother Jones

Focused on improving working conditions and organized labor unions, particularly in the mining industry.

Ida Tarbell

Published an expose on the unethical practices of Standard Oil Company, leading to its breakup.

National American Women's Suffrage Association

Major women's rights organization that helped women win the right to vote.

19th Amendment

Granted women's suffrage and prohibited gender-based voting discrimination.

Muller v Oregon

Established a precedent to limit the workday for females to 10 hours.

Adkins v Children's Hospital

Supreme Court ruled that a minimum wage law for women violated the Fifth Amendment.

Women's Christian Temperance Union

Led by Francis Willard, this organization pressured states to abolish alcohol and played a significant role in the women's suffrage movement.

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, an organization that sought to eradicate racial injustice.

W.E.B Dubois

Founder of the Niagara Movement and editor of the NAACP, who raised awareness about racial discrimination and economic inequality.

Ku Klux Klan

Anti-non-white, anti-Semitic terrorist organization that promoted white supremacy.

Niagara Movement

Advocated for economic and educational equality for African Americans, led by Du Bois and Trotter.

Chicago Race Riot of 1919

A series of riots triggered by a black man's death, resulting in violence, loss of homes, and attention to hate crimes and lynchings.

D.W Griffith’s “Birth of a Nation”

Controversial film that depicted racial stereotypes and glorified the Ku Klux Klan, leading to protests by the NAACP.

Ida B Wells-Barrett

Founder of the NAACP who researched and exposed the issue of lynching in America.

Guinn v United States

Challenged the Grandfather Clause and led to the Supreme Court ruling that it violated the 15th Amendment.

Buchanan v Worley

Supreme Court case that ruled against racial housing discrimination, marking a victory against racism.

"The Social Gospel"

Movement led by Washington Gladden that taught the importance of religion and human dignity in overcoming industrialization problems.

Initiative-Referendum & Recall

Progressive initiatives that aimed to increase citizen involvement in political decisions through petitioning, voting on laws, and removing politicians from office.

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Tragic event that led to the transformation of labor laws and increased awareness of worker safety.

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed societal issues, including Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, David G. Phillips, John Spargo, and Ray Stannard Baker.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Taft's signed tariff bill that intended to lower rates but ended up raising tariffs, causing a split in the Republican Party.

Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy

Conflict between Pinchot and Ballinger over corruption and the acquisition of public lands, leading to a split in the Republican Party.