Properties of atmosphere (copy)

Temperature

A measure of the average internal kinetic energy of air molecules.

Pressure

The weight of a column of the atmosphere above a unit area of surface.

Wind

The movement of air caused by differences in atmospheric pressure.

Isobar

Lines on a weather map that connect points of equal atmospheric pressure.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by water vapor in the air.

Relative Humidity

The ratio of the amount of water vapor present in the air to the maximum amount the air could hold at that temperature.

Cirrus Clouds

Thin, wispy clouds made up of ice crystals.

Stratus Clouds

Layered clouds that cover the sky in a uniform, dull gray sheet.

Cumulus Clouds

Puffy, cauliflower-shaped clouds that have vertical development.

Nimbus Clouds

Rain-producing clouds that are typically dark and have an anvil shape.

High Clouds

Clouds with a base height between 6 to 15 kilometers above sea level, composed mostly of ice crystals.

Middle Clouds

Clouds with a base height between 2 to 6 kilometers above sea level, composed of liquid droplets.

Low Clouds

Clouds with a base height below 2 kilometers above sea level, often thick and layered.

Clouds with Extensive Vertical Development

Clouds that have substantial vertical growth and occur when the air is unstable.

Aneroid Barometer

A device used to measure air pressure without the use of liquid.

Saturation Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by water vapor when the air is saturated at a given temperature.

Pressure Gradient Force

The force that causes air to move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

Isobaric Chart

A weather map that shows lines of equal atmospheric pressure.

Wind Speed

The rate at which air is moving horizontally.

Wind Direction

The direction from which the wind is blowing.

Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by water vapor in the air.

Relative Humidity

The ratio of the amount of water vapor present in the air to the maximum amount

Louis Bleriot (1909)

First person to fly across the English Channel "Bleriot XI"

Louis Bleriot

flew the English Channel in 37 mins covering 23 miles

Harriet Quimby (1912)

first woman to fly across the English Channel.

DC-2

12 passengers

DC- 3

21 passengers

Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin

invented the dirigible or the rigid airship.

Charles Lindbergh (1927)

made the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic ocean

Ford Tri-Motor

first all metal aircraft designed for passengers

Glenn Curtiss (1908)

first American to fly a distance over 1km. "june bug"

Glenn Curtiss

"Father of Naval Aviation"

DC-3

21 passengers, 1000 horse power, 90% of air traffic in 1940

Concorde (1969)

First supersonic airliner

x-15 (1967)

set the airspeed record of Mach 6.1

Harrier jump jet

Aircraft capable of taking off vertically

Wright Brothers

First to fly a powered aircraft

Alberto Santos-Dumont (1906)

first successful European airplane flight "14 bis"

Henry Farman (1908)

first to fly a one kilometer circular course near Paris

De Havilland Comet

The first jet airliner

lighted airways beacon

every 10 miles

intermediate airways

every 50 miles

Red Baron

Manfred von Richthofen had 80 kills and one of the most famous aces. German ace.

Zeppelin

first commercial air service between europe and america

Boeing 247

13 passengers

Lockheed Vega

constructed by Lockheed Aircraft by allan lockheed

charles lindbergh impact

aviation becomes more established

charles lindbergh plane

Spirit of St. Louis

Spitfires

Small, maneuverable fighter planes

helicopters

mass produced in ww2

Kelly Act

authorized postal officials to hire private airplane operators to carry mail

WW1 Planes

avro 504

Fokker Dr1

Fokker D. Vll

WW2 Fighters

f4f wildcat

F4u corair

F6f hellcat

P51 mustang

ww2 bombers

sb2c hell divers

Tbf/tbm avenger

B-29 super fortress

B-17 flyibg fortress

charles lindbergh journey covered across the antalantic ocean

3.610 miles took about 33 1/2 hours

monoplane

a single-winged airplane

biplane

a two-winged airplane

triplane

3 winged plane

how long did it take louis bleriot to fly across the english channel

37 minutes

Amelia Earhart (1934)

First female pilot to cross the Atlantic. She disappeared while trying to fly around the world. "lockheed electra 10"

Donald Douglas

first and youngest aeronautical engineer

Jimmy Doolittle

first "blind flight"

LFR

Low frequency radio range

Boeing 314

74 passengers, sold 12 planes to pan american airways

Ford Tri-Motor

also called the tin goose

no circulation system

visual radio direction finder

using vibration system to direct the aircraft

artificial horizon

showed at what angle the plane was flying

Barometric Altimeter

showed how far above the ground of a field, will sensitively record time

rotating beacons

has 10 seconds intervals

DC 6

was the aircraft that greatly reduced the travelling time with greater comfort

SR-71 Blackbird

set the record for crossing the Atlantic under 2hours

The four forces of Flight

lift, weight, thrust, and drag

weight counteracts what?

Lift

Weight

is a force caused by gravitational attraction

what's it take to create lift?

Air and Motion

How do we explain lift?

Newtons laws of motion and Bernoulli's principle

Newton's Third Law

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Newton's Second Law

force causes a change in velocity which in turn generates another force

Venturi Tube

Bernoulli's first practical use of his theorem

what is a wing?

Half venturi tube

Bernoulli's Principle

air speeds up, it pressures goes down

results in a net aerodynamics pushing up

pressure variation around the wing

wing

creates lift due to combination of bernoulli's principle and newtons third law

internal ribs

defines the shape of a wing

higher turning

greater lift

Greater angle

Greater Lift

the elevator

controls pitch, Tilts up or down

Ailerons

controls roll

Rudder

controls yaw, swivel side to side

Drag

is a mechanical force generated by a solid object

moving through object

for an airplane to take off

lift must be greater than weight

for an airplane to speed up

thrust must be greater than drag

Proppeller

is a spinning wing that generates lift forward