Studied by 27 people
Constituents
People of a specific area represented by a lawmaking body
Apportionment
Distribution of House of Representatives seats among states
Appropriations
Congressional allocation of funds for a specific purpose
Impeachment
Process of charging officials with wrongdoing
Oversight
Congress's power to check the executive branch
Necessary and proper clause
Allows Congress to make laws essential for its powers
Indirect tax
Tax passed from one person to another for government payment
Direct tax
Tax paid directly to the government by an individual
Subpoenas
Legal documents requiring testimony
Writ of habeas corpus
Court order to present a person in court
Bill of attainder
Law punishing a person without trial
Ex post facto laws
Criminalizing past legal actions
Bills
Proposed laws
Standing committees
Permanent House committees for major areas
Select Committees
Temporary House committees for specific tasks
Joint Committees
Committees with members from both House and Senate
President of the Senate
Senate's presiding officer
President pro tempore
High-ranking senator presiding over the Senate
Senate Majority Leader
Leader of the majority party in the Senate
Seniority rule
Committee assignment based on service length
Filibuster
Tactic to delay Senate voting by continuous talking
Quorum
Minimum members needed for legal business conduct
Conference Committee
Resolves differences in House and Senate bills
Pocket Veto
President's bill rejection when Congress is not in session
Chief Executive
Enforces laws
Commander in Chief
Controls the military
Foreign Policy
Government's strategy with other nations
Chief of State
Ceremonial U.S. speaker
Succession
Process of coming after someone
Executive Orders
President's formal instructions with legal force
Executive Privilege
President's power to withhold information
Reprieve
Postponement of a prison sentence
Pardon
Official forgiveness of a convicted person's sentence
Amnesty
General pardon for a group's offenses
Commute
Reduce a person's sentence
Appellant
Person filing an appeal
Defendant
Person against whom a complaint is filed
Prosecution
Charging someone with a crime and trial
Appellate Court
Higher court for appeals from lower courts
Exclusive Jurisdiction
Sole right to decide certain cases
Concurrent Jurisdiction
Cases under state and federal court jurisdiction
Original Jurisdiction
First court to hold trials in specific cases
Appellate Jurisdiction
Authority to review lower court decisions
Judicial Restraint
Interpreting the Constitution based on original intentions
Judicial Activism
Interpreting the Constitution broadly
Gideon v
Right to legal counsel for accused individuals
Miranda v
Right to remain silent and have an attorney
Roe v
Unconstitutionality of state abortion bans
Citizens United v
Protection of corporate free speech
Obergefell v
Same-sex marriage licensing and recognition
Dobbs V
No constitutional right to abortion
brown
1954 Seperate but equal educational facilities for racial minorities is inherently unequal violating the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment
Repealed Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v
1896 Equal but separate accommodations for whites and blacks imposed by Louisiana don't violate the equal protection Clause of the 14th amendment
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Flashcard (85)