physics test - y9

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26 Terms

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Lenses

Optical devices that work by refracting light to form images.

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Refraction

The bending of light as it moves through different surfaces.

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Focal Point

The point where parallel rays of light converge after passing through a lens.

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Focal Length

The distance between the center of the lens and the focal point.

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Myopia

A condition of short-sightedness treated with diverging lenses.

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Hyperopia

A condition of long-sightedness treated with converging lenses.

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Sound

A longitudinal mechanical wave produced by vibrating objects.

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Vacuum

A space where sound cannot travel.

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Speed

Calculated using the formula distance/time.

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Volume of Sound

Determined by amplitude; higher amplitude means higher volume.

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Frequency

Determines pitch; higher frequency results in higher pitch.

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White Light

A spectrum of colors including red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

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Transverse Waves

Waves that oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.

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Radio Waves

Waves with the lowest frequency and shortest wavelength, used in remote controls.

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Microwaves

Waves that cause water molecules to vibrate and can heat human tissue at high intensity.

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Infrared (IR) Waves

Used in thermal imaging and can cause skin burns; contribute to global warming.

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Ultraviolet (UV) Waves

Cause suntans and sunburns; used for sterilization; can cause skin cancer.

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UVA

Low-energy UV radiation, less dangerous.

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UVB

High-energy UV radiation, causes sunburns and skin cancer.

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UVC

Very dangerous UV radiation, blocked by the ozone layer.

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X-rays

Can penetrate soft tissue but are absorbed by bone, used for detecting injuries.

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Gamma rays

Highest energy and frequency waves, emitted by radioactive materials, used in radiotherapy.

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Water Waves

Transverse waves where oscillation is perpendicular to wave direction.

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Reflection

The bouncing back of light from surfaces, following the law of reflection.

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Law of Reflection

States that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.

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Refraction

The bending of light as it passes through transparent materials.