2.3

Impact of draining wetlands on soil carbon

Disrupts the natural water cycle, exposing soil to decomposition and causing carbon loss.

Monoculture and its contribution to soil carbon loss

Reduces soil diversity, leading to decreased nutrient retention and organic matter, ultimately causing carbon release.

Effect of heavy tillage on soil carbon

Breaks soil structure, releasing stored carbon and damaging microorganisms essential for nutrient cycling.

Short-term crops and soil carbon dynamics

Increases soil erosion and reduces the ability to retain organic matter over time.

Impact of slash and burn agriculture on carbon release

Releases stored carbon rapidly into the atmosphere by burning vegetation for land clearing.

Long-term crops as carbon sinks

Maintains soil structure and organic matter by reducing the frequency of harvesting.

Crop rotation and its benefits for carbon sequestration

Prevents nutrient depletion, improves soil health, and enhances the storage of organic material.

Role of cover crops in soil carbon retention

Protects against erosion, suppresses weeds, and adds organic material that contributes to storage.

No-till farming and carbon sequestration

Reduces soil disturbance, preventing erosion and allowing organic material to accumulate.

Low-carbon technologies and carbon mitigation

Uses renewable energy and efficiency improvements to minimize greenhouse gas emissions.

Reduction of fossil fuel use and its impact on carbon sequestration

Lowers emissions by shifting to cleaner energy sources and improving efficiency.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and its process

Removes atmospheric CO₂ and stores it in solid or liquid form underground or in deep ocean reservoirs.

Reforestation and its contribution to carbon sequestration

Restores vegetation cover, increasing the absorption and long-term retention of atmospheric CO₂.

Natural ecosystems acting as carbon sinks

Absorbs and stores atmospheric carbon through forests, wetlands, and marine vegetation.