unit 11 bio

Circulatory System

Moves blood, oxygen, and nutrients through the body.

Respiratory System

Takes in oxygen and expels CO2.

Trachea

Rigid tube made of cartilage that connects the mouth and nose to the lungs.

Bronchi

Rigid tubes that lead to each lung.

Bronchioles

Smaller tubes that branch out in the lungs.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs that greatly increase surface area for gas exchange.

Lungs

Organs where bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli are located for gas exchange.

Diaphragm

Dome-shaped muscle that moves up and down to help breathe.

Heart

Made of cardiac muscle tissue with four chambers; right side handles deoxygenated blood and left side handles oxygenated blood.

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart; thick muscle walls for high pressure.

Veins

Carry blood to the heart; have valves to prevent backflow.

Capillaries

Tiny blood vessels that are one cell thick for gas and nutrient exchange.

Gas Exchange in Alveoli

Oxygen moves into the blood while CO2 moves into the alveoli by diffusion.

Red Blood Cells

Cells that carry oxygen; contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen.

Hemoglobin

The protein inside red blood cells that binds to oxygen.

Regulation of Gas Exchange

The medulla oblongata regulates breathing rate based on CO2 levels in the blood.

Pacemaker

Sets the rhythm of the heartbeat by sending electrical signals.

Pulmonary Circulation

The pathway of blood between the heart and lungs.

Systemic Circulation

The pathway of blood between the heart and the rest of the body.

Platelets

Help blood clot.

Plasma

The liquid part of blood that carries everything.

WBC (White Blood Cells)

Fight infections.

O as Universal Donor

Type O has no antigens to be attacked.

AB as Universal Acceptor

Type AB has both A and B antigens, so it won't attack A or B.