All Quick Quizzes from Science class

DNA

Explain where DNA is found in an organism

Chromosomes

Compare DNA, Chromosomes, and Genes

Chromosome

Define the term 'chromosome'

a basic building block for nucleic acids

Define the term 'nucleotide'

nucleotide sequence

Describe the part of the DNA molecule that changes

a nucleotide base that pairs with its partner nucleotide on the alternative DNA strand; adenine pairs with thymine, cytosine pairs with guanine.

Define the term 'complementary base'

46 Human Chromosomes

State how many chromosomes are in human cells

because they needed to make more cells to repair damage

Explain why cells need to undergo mitosis

because they would make more cells for them to go under mitosis

Explain why a cell needs to double its DNA before mitosis

to make the chromosomes equally divided into daughter cells

Explain the purpose of spindle fibres in mitosis

programmed cell death

Define the term 'apoptosis'

DNA makes genes, has a deoxygenated ribose sugar, and RNA contains a ribose sugar. Nitrogen bases of RNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil (not thymine)

Compare and contrast DNA and RNA

RNA Sequence

Identify the RNA sequence for the template DNA sequence: ATG CTA ACG

Transcription makes an mRNA copy from a strand of DNA, and in translation, mRNA can leave the nucleus and get attached to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Contrast transcription and translation

Dominant - a characteristic that needs only one copy of an allele to appear in the physical appearance of an organism

Recessive - a characteristic that is only expressed in the phenotype when two identical alleles are inherited.

Define the terms 'dominant' and 'recessive'

phenotype interacts with genotype, and it gets results of physical characteristics, whereas genotype combines alleles for a particular trait.

these terms can construct a human organism.

Contrast the terms 'phenotype' and 'genotype'

the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.

Define the term 'centromere'

The process a cell goes through each time it divides

Define the term 'cell cycle'

Human Development

Explain how something as complicated as a human starts as a single cell

Offspring Variation

Explain why the offspring of sexually reproducing organisms are not identical to their parents

Co-Dominant Alleles

Define the term 'co-dominant' with respect to alleles

Color Blindness

Explain why colour blindness is more common in men than women

Mixing Colors

What do you get when you mix the colours red and white?

Vector Quantity

Define the term vector quantity

Acceleration Calculation

Explain how a change in velocity can be used to calculate acceleration and what symbols are used to represent them in an equation

Velocity vs Time Graph

Draw a velocity vs time graph of something that accelerates until it reaches a constant velocity

1.96 m/s

A rock falls for five seconds before it hits the ground. Given that acceleration due to gravity is 9.8m/s, how fast was the rock travelling when it landed?

Motorbike Speed

What does the red section of the graph indicate about the motorbike's speed?

Motorbike Acceleration

What does the red section of the graph indicate about the motorbike's acceleration?

Haploid Cell

Define the term 'haploid' and name a haploid cell

Newton's Third Law

State Newton's Third Law

Astronauts in Space

Two astronauts are floating in space when one of them pushes the other away.

Newton's Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Weight Force

The force exerted by gravity on an object, commonly measured in newtons.

Net Force

The overall force acting on an object after all the individual forces are combined.

Action Reaction Pair

The forces exerted by two objects on each other, such as when someone jumps on a trampoline.

Partial Dominance

A genetic situation where one allele is not completely dominant over another, resulting in a phenotype that is a blend of both alleles.

Particle Theory

A theory that states all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion.

Scalar

A quantity that has only magnitude, such as temperature or mass.

Vector

A quantity that has both magnitude and direction, such as velocity or force.

Newton's First Law

An object at rest will remain at rest and an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by a net external force.

Acceleration due to Gravity

The rate of change of velocity of an object due to gravitational pull, typically measured as 9.81 m/s² on Earth.

Cell Cycle Stage

The stage where a cell spends most of its time is interphase, during which it grows and duplicates its DNA.

Homozygous

An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Heterozygous

An organism that has two different alleles for a particular gene.

Nucleotide Structure

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Nebula

A giant cloud of dust and gas in space, often the birthplace of stars.

Hydrostatic Equilibrium

The condition in which the force of gravity pulling inward is balanced by the pressure of the gas pushing outward.

Star Lifecycle

The process by which a star forms, evolves, and eventually dies.

Accepted Scientific Theory

A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence.

mRNA Purpose

mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation.

Doppler Effect

The change in frequency or wavelength of a wave in relation to an observer moving relative to the wave source.

Red-shift

The phenomenon where light from an object is shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, indicating it is moving away from the observer.

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

The thermal radiation filling the universe, a remnant from the Big Bang.

Ion

An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net charge.

Cations

Positively charged ions formed by the loss of electrons.

Anions

Negatively charged ions formed by the gain of electrons.

Noble Gases

Elements in Group 18 that do not readily form ions due to their full valence shell.

Ionic Bonding

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual, representing the alleles inherited.

Phenotype

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

Electron Shells

K, L, M, N shells can hold 2, 8, 18, and 32 electrons respectively.

Empirical Formula

A formula that shows the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound.