Cp 1 Medical Microbio ( what are micros, 3 domains, spontaneous)

Important figures, concepts, etc.

Who first saw Microbes? Name them both and what they did.

Van Leeuwenhoek

• Crafted his own lenses to create microscope

• Saw “Animicules”

Robert Hooke (first to do so)

• Published on creating lenses to observe the small.

What do all “microbes have in common?

They are all very small

What is a microorganism?

Microbe or microorganism is a size term.

Explain Spontaneous Generation Theory and why it is false.

Spontaneous Generation is the idea that living organisms can be produced from non-living matter.

Example. Spoiled meat generate maggots

This theory is false because there are microbes in the air that are alive, they cause the rotting of meat left out.

Who were the three scientists to debunk spontaneous generation? and what did they experiment?

Redi: Proved maggots came from flies laying eggs on the rotten meat

Lazzaro: Found that heated broth with lid didn’t grow microbes but one without a lid did.

Pasteur: He proved that there were microbes in the air.

How we do we assign scientific names to organisms? How do we determine how related two organisms are to one another?

All organisms that share a genus will have that same genus name. Only single species will be given species name. (wolf and coyote share genus name Canis since they are closely related and share common DNA)

We can relate organisms by comparing genetics.

Why use term such as genus and species?

Tells us more about species relatdness than common names like “gorilla.”

Name both scientists that propose/discussed the idea of relating species by using genetics.

Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling

What do all cellular life have?

Ribosomes (16s rRNA or 18s rRNA)

Who were the scientists to dismantle the idea of just “prokaryotes” vs “eukaryotes"?”

Woese and Fox. They proved that there were three doamains of life: Archea, Bacteria, and Eukaryote

Explain how did Woese and Fox did that.

They isolated 13 different species’ rRNA. 1-3 were Eukaryotes and they differed greatly from the bacteria 4-13. How ever, group 10-13 was different from 4-9, even though they are all bacteria’s. This determined that there is another domain, Archaea!

To determine similarirty between organism, we need to demonstrate:

Related organisms are more similar genetically than other non-related

•How did we first classify organisms?

Plants and animals