Psychological Disorders

Psychological Disorders

A pattern of behaviour that causes distress and dysfunction.

Distinguishing Abnormal from Normal

Standards used by psychologists to differentiate between abnormal and normal behaviors.

Infrequency

A standard used to identify abnormal behavior that is useful but imperfect.

Deviation from social norms

An assessment of abnormality that requires consideration of cultural context.

Personal distress

A hallmark for some disorders indicating the individual experiences significant discomfort.

Impairment in daily functioning

A condition where distress, dysfunction, deviance, or danger affects one's ability to perform daily activities.

Anxiety Disorders

A category of psychological disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety.

DSM-5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders that describes over 400 mental disorders and their symptoms.

Fear

A reaction to an immediate threat characterized by physiological arousal, considered adaptive.

Anxiety

A vague sense of danger that is often inappropriate and may lead to disorders.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A disorder marked by excessive anxiety and worry about various aspects of life lasting for at least 6 months.

Panic Disorder

A disorder characterized by sudden, extreme anxiety with no immediate threat, lasting for at least 1 month.

Phobias

Intense and persistent fears that significantly interfere with daily functioning, lasting at least 6 months.

Explaining Anxiety Disorders

Involves psychological (faulty cognitions), biological (genetic and biochemical factors), and sociocultural factors.

Mood Disorders

Extreme disturbances in emotional states, including depression and mania.

Major Depressive Disorder

A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and worthlessness.

Bipolar Disorder

A mood disorder involving episodes of mania and depression.

Depression Symptoms

Can include feelings of sadness, worthlessness, fatigue, and withdrawal from activities.

Bipolar during mania

Characterized by high energy, reckless behavior, and a lack of sleep.

Explaining Mood Disorders

Factors include biological (brain changes, neurotransmitter imbalances), psychological (learned helplessness), and sociocultural influences.