rad211: trauma

Wet Plaster Cast Technique Change:

Increase kVp 8-10 or double mAs

Dry Plaster Cast Technique Change:

Increase kVp 5-7 or Increase mAs 50%

Fiberglass Cast Technique Change:

Increase kVp 3-4 or Increase mAs 25-30%

What are the 3 positioning principles for trauma?

1.) Take 2 projections 90° from each other (AP & LAT)
2.) Include entire structure
3.) Horizontal beam projections: see fluid levels

What is the purpose of grid?

Absorbs scatter radiation which improves visibility of detail

Grid Use Rules:

1.) CR centering to near centerline
2.) CR angle alone length of lead strips
3.) Grid focal range for SID

List the three types of mobile equipment:

1.) Battery Powered
2.) Capacitor Discharge Unit
3.) Mobile Digital C-Arm

Battery Powered

Goes up to 10 miles on full charge, takes 8hrs to fully charge, heavy (1,000 lbs.)

Capacitor Discharge Unit

Manually moved, lighter because no battery

Tube

Little end

Image Intensifier

Big end

C-Arm Controls

Mag mode, Pulse mode, Snapshot or digital spot mode, Automatic/Manual exposure control, foot pedal, roadmapping

Sterile Fields: 3 Methods

1.) Draping entire unit
2.) Draping the pt.
3.) Shower Curtain

Side up

Air

Side down

Fluid

Mediolateral angle to project sternum over heart shadow

How do u angle for a trauma AP Sternum?

15°

What is your angle for a large pt. (AP STERNUM)?

20°

What is your angle for a small pt. (AP STERNUM)?

Mediolaterally 30-40°

If a pt. can't roll for a AP oblique ribs then how would you angle the CR?

Because of where the stomach is

Why do we do a left lateral decubitus?

Dorsal Decubitus Abdomen

What projection should you do is you want to evaluate for calcification and or masses?

Do Trauma Coyle method

What do you do if you can't do routine internal and external oblique elbows?

Elbow flexed 90° & angled 45° toward shoulder, hand pronated if possible.

Coyle Method: See Radial Head

Elbow flexed 80°, angled 45° away from shoulder, hand pronated.

Coyle Method: See Coronoid

Horizontal CR to surgical neck & centerline of grid

Where do you center for a Transthoracic Lateral?

Lateromedially 45-60°

How do you angle for a Scap Y?

15°

What is the angle for a AP axial clavicle on a thick patient?

20°

What is the angle for a AP axial clavicle on a thin patient?

Lateromedial 15-20°

How would you angle for a AP Mortise?

Lateromedially 45°

How would you angle for a medial oblique knee?

Mediolaterally, & 15-20° posterior from horizontal.

How would you angle for a Clements-Nakayama to be perpendicular to femoral neck?

50% of injuries

Motor vechicle accidents and falls amount for......

20% of injuries

Falls account for.....

15% of injuries

Sports-related activities account for.....

39%

_______ of cervical fractures have some degree of associated neurological deficit.

1/3

Occur at C2

1/2

Occur at C6 or C7

85%-90%

______ of c-spine injuries are evident in a lateral projection.

C1, C2, C3, C4

Paralysis for all 4 limbs

C5

Shoulder & biceps control without control of wrist or hand

C6

Wrist control without hand function

C7 - T1

Dexterity problems with the hand and fingers

35-40° cephalic

How would you angle for an open mouth projection (AP AXIAL C1-2) in a trauma situation?

Closed reduction

By manipulation, no surgery

Open reduction

With surgery