Maternal-Child Nursing and Pediatric Health Exam Review Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering key topics across maternal-child nursing, reproductive health, labor and delivery, postpartum care, newborn transition, pediatric growth and development, and pediatric system disorders based on lecture notes.

Family-Centered Care

A nursing care approach that includes the childbearing and childrearing family in decisions, respects preferences, supports normal development, and individualizes care.

Autonomy

An ethical principle representing the patient's right to choose.

Beneficence

An ethical principle defined as the duty to do good.

Nonmaleficence

An ethical principle defined as the duty to avoid harm.

Justice

An ethical principle defined as fairness in care and decision-making.

Fidelity

An ethical principle meaning to keep commitments.

Veracity

An ethical principle defined as truthfulness.

Combined Hormonal Contraception

Contraceptive methods containing estrogen and progestin that increase thromboembolic risk and may be inappropriate with certain cardiovascular or thrombotic risk factors.

Progestin-Only Pills

Contraceptive pills that do not contain estrogen, require consistent daily timing, and can be used safely during breastfeeding.

Teratogen

Any environmental factor, medication, alcohol, nicotine, illicit drug, or infection that can cause disruption to normal fetal development.

Trauma-Informed Care

A care delivery model that preserves consent, explains procedures before touching, offers choices when possible, and recognizes that loss of control can trigger distress.

4 Ps of Labor

The four primary interrelated components influencing labor progress: Power (contractions and pushing), Passenger (fetus characteristics), Passageway (maternal pelvis/soft tissues), and Psyche (psychological state).

Early Decelerations

Transient fetal heart rate decreases caused by fetal head compression, commonly considered a normal physiological response during labor.

Late Decelerations

Fetal heart rate decelerations indicating uteroplacental insufficiency that require prompt intrauterine resuscitation and provider notification.

Variable Decelerations

Fetal heart rate pattern changes commonly associated with umbilical cord compression that require immediate pattern evaluation and nursing intervention.

Placenta Previa

An obstetric condition characterized by painless, bright-red vaginal bleeding where routine digital vaginal examinations must be strictly avoided.

Abruptio Placentae

Premature detachment of the placenta from the uterine wall, classically presenting with painful bleeding, uterine tenderness or rigidity, and fetal distress.

HELLP Syndrome

A severe maternal-fetal emergency characterized by Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelets.

Polyhydramnios

An excessive volume of amniotic fluid associated with fetal and maternal complications.

Oligohydramnios

An abnormally low volume of amniotic fluid associated with fetal and maternal complications.

BUBBLE Assessment

A systematic postpartum assessment framework standing for Breasts, Uterus/fundus, Bladder, Bowel, Lochia, Episiotomy/perineum, and emotional status.

4 Ts of Postpartum Hemorrhage

The major primary causes of postpartum hemorrhage: Tone (uterine atony), Tissue (retained placenta), Trauma (laceration/hematoma), and Thrombin (coagulation defects).

Subinvolution

A failure of the uterus to return to its non-pregnant state, remaining larger and softer than expected with persistent bleeding.

Apgar Score

A standardized scoring tool performed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth assessing adaptation based on appearance/color, pulse, grimace/reflex response, activity/muscle tone, and respirations.

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

Inflammation and necrosis of intestinal tissue occurring mainly in premature infants, manifested by abdominal distention, feeding intolerance, bloody stools, and systemic instability.

Atraumatic Care

Pediatric nursing care structured to minimize physical and psychological distress by preserving routines, providing comfort measures, and keeping caregivers involved.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A congenital heart condition caused by persistent opening between the aorta and pulmonary artery, resulting in a left-to-right shunt and excessive pulmonary blood flow.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)

A cyanotic congenital cardiac defect involving four features: ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis/outflow obstruction, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.

Hypercyanotic 'Tet' Spell

An episode of acute worsening cyanosis and distress in children with Tetralogy of Fallot, managed by putting the child in a knee-chest or squatting position.

Kawasaki Disease

An acute systemic vasculitis characterized by persistent fever, conjunctival changes, red/cracked lips, strawberry tongue, rash, and lymphadenopathy, carrying a high risk for coronary artery complications.

Status Asthmaticus

Severe, life-threatening asthma unresponsive to initial therapy; a 'silent chest' with diminished breath sounds indicates impending respiratory failure.

Croup

A viral upper-airway infection causing subglottic swelling, characterized by a distinctive barking cough, hoarseness, retractions, and inspiratory stridor.

Epiglottitis

A rapid, emergency inflammation of the epiglottis presenting with high fever, sore throat, drooling, dysphagia, muffled voice, and tripod positioning; throat inspection is strictly contraindicated.

Cystic Fibrosis

An autosomal-recessive disorder caused by CFTR mutations resulting in thick mucus, chronic respiratory infections, pancreatic insufficiency, malabsorption, and high sweat chloride.

Pyloric Stenosis

Hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter obstructing gastric outlet, causing progressive projectile nonbilious vomiting, dehydration, and an olive-like abdominal mass.

Intussusception

The telescoping of one bowel segment into another causing obstruction and ischemia, presenting with severe episodic abdominal pain, drawing knees to chest, vomiting, and currant-jelly stools.

Hirschsprung Disease

Congenital absence of ganglion cells in the distal intestine causing functional obstruction, failure to pass meconium, abdominal distention, and constipation.

Celiac Disease

An immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by gluten that damages intestinal villi, leading to malabsorption, chronic diarrhea, and poor growth requiring a strict lifelong gluten-free diet.

Biliary Atresia

An obliterative disease of extrahepatic bile ducts causing progressive liver injury, persistent jaundice, pale/acholic stools, and dark urine in infants.

Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH)

Abnormal development or instability of the hip joint identified by positive Ortolani and Barlow signs, asymmetric skin folds, and restricted abduction.

Nephrotic Syndrome

A renal disorder marked by heavy urinary protein loss leading to hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema/ascites, weight gain, and frothy urine.

Acute Glomerulonephritis

An inflammatory glomerular condition commonly following a streptococcal infection, presenting with tea- or cola-colored urine, facial/body edema, hypertension, and reduced urine output.

Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)

Inappropriate backward flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters and renal pelvis, predisposing children to recurrent febrile UTIs and kidney damage.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

A critical metabolic complication of Type 1 Diabetes marked by severe hyperglycemia, ketosis, metabolic acidosis, Kussmaul respirations, fruity breath, and dehydration.

Diabetes Insipidus

A condition caused by ADH deficiency or renal unresponsiveness, leading to massive excretion of dilute urine, intense thirst, hypernatremia, and dehydration.

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

An inherited enzyme defect in steroid synthesis that impairs cortisol production and can cause ambiguous genitalia along with life-threatening salt-wasting adrenal crisis.

Sickle Cell Disease

An autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy causing red blood cell sickling, chronic anemia, and painful vaso-occlusive crises triggered by hypoxia, dehydration, or stress.

Hemophilia

An X-linked inherited coagulation deficiency causing prolonged bleeding, tissue hematomas, and joint hemarthrosis; head trauma carries a high priority risk for intracranial bleeding.

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)

An autoimmune disorder characterized by isolated platelet destruction leading to petechiae, purpura, and mucosal bleeding, often following a viral illness.

Abusive Head Trauma

Severe neurotrauma in infants resulting from violent shaking or impact, characterized by retinal hemorrhages, brain swelling, and severe neurological injury.