RESPIRATION FC

respiratory system

The main function of the _________ is to provide oxygen to body cells for energy metabolism and to eliminate carbon dioxide

• nasopharynx

• oropharynx

• laryngeal pharynx

3 regions of pharynx

adenoids

- Lymphoid tissue located in the nasopharynx

- the pharyngeal tonsils

alveoli

- The tiny air sacs in the lungs through which gases are exchanged between the atmosphere and the blood in respiration

- a small hollow or cavity, and the term is also used to describe the bony socket for a tooth

bronchiole

root bronchiol

bronchus

- One of the larger air passageways in the lungs

carbon dioxide

- A gas produced by energy metabolism in cells and eliminated through the lungs

- a byproduct of metabolism

- CO₂

carbonic acid

- An acid formed by carbon dioxide when it dissolves in water

- H₂CO₃

cilia

- microscopic hairlike projections from the cells that line the nose, sweep dirt and foreign material toward the throat for elimination

compliance

- A measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure

diaphragm

- The dome-shaped muscle under the lungs that flattens during inspiration

epiglottis

- A leaf-shaped cartilage that covers the larynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the trachea

expectoration

- The act of coughing up material from the respiratory tract

expiration

- the act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs

- exhalation

glottis

- The opening between the vocal cords

hemoglobin

- The iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen

inspiration

- The act of drawing air into the lungs

- inhalation

larynx

- The enlarged upper end of the trachea that contains the vocal cords

lung

- A cone-shaped spongy organ of respiration contained within the thorax

mediastinum

- The space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space

nose

- The organ of the face used for breathing and for housing receptors for the sense of smell

- includes an external portion and an internal nasal cavity

oxygen

- The gas needed by cells to release energy from food in metabolism

- O₂

palatine tonsils

- The paired masses of lymphoid tissue located on either side of the oropharynx

- usually meant when the term tonsils is used alone

pharynx

- The throat

- a common passageway for food entering the esophagus and air entering the larynx

phrenic nerve

- The nerve that activates the diaphragm

pleura

- A double-layered membrane that covers the lungs (visceral pleura) and lines the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura)

pleural space

- The thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura

- pleural cavity

sinus

- A cavity or channel

- the paranasal sinuses are located near the nose and drain into the nasal cavity

sputum

- The substance released by coughing or clearing the throat

surfactant

- A substance that decreases surface tension within the alveoli and eases expansion of the lungs

trachea

- The air passageway that extends from the larynx to the bronchi

turbinate bones

- The bony projections in the nasal cavity that contain receptors for the sense of smell

- Also called conchae

ventilation

- The movement of air into and out of the lungs

vocal cords

- Membranous folds on either side of the larynx that are important in speech production

- Also called vocal folds

-pnea

breathing (suffix)

orthopnea

difficulty in breathing except in an upright (-ortho) position

-oxia

level of oxygen (suffix)

hypoxia

decreased amount of oxygen in the tissues

-capnia

level of carbon dioxide (suffix)

hypercapnia

increased carbon dioxide in the tissues

-phonia

voice (suffix)

dysphonia

difficulty in speaking

dyspnea

painful or difficult breathing

eupnea

easy, normal breathing

apnea

lack of breathing

tachypnea

rapid rate of breathing

anoxia

lack of oxygen in the tissues

hypocapnia

decreased carbon dioxide in the tissues

eucapnia

normal levels of carbon dioxide in the tissues

aphonia

lack of voice

nas/o, rhin/o

nose (roots)

nasal

pertaining to the nose

rhinorrhea

discharge from the nose

pharyng/o

pharynx (roots)

pharyngeal

pertaining to the pharynx

laryng/o

larynx

laryngoscopy

endoscopic examination of the larynx

trache/o

trachea

tracheotome

instrument used to incise the trachea

bronch/o, bronch/i

bronchus

bronchogenic

originating in a bronchus

bronchiol

bronchiole

bronchiolectasis

dilatation of the bronchioles

paranasal

near the nose

pharyngitis

inflammation of the pharynx

laryngeal

pertaining to the larynx

bronchoscopy

endoscopic examination of a bronchus

bronchiolitis

inflammation of the bronchioles

bronchostenosis

narrowing of a bronchus

laryngoplasty

plastic repair of the larynx

tracheotomy

surgical incision of the trachea

intranasal

within the nose

bronchiolar

pertaining to a bronchiole

bronchiectasis

dilatation of the bronchi

peribronchial

around the bronchi

endotracheal

within the trachea

nasopharyngeal

pertaining to the nose and pharynx

phren/o

diaphragm (roots)

phrenic

pertaining to the diaphragm

phrenic/o

phrenic nerve (roots)

phrenicotripsy

crushing of the phrenic nerve

pleur/o

pleura (roots)

pleurodesis

fusion of the pleura

pulm/o, pulmon/o

lungs (roots)

intrapulmonary

within the lungs

pneumon/o

lung (roots)

pneumonectomy

surgical removal of a lung or lung tissue

pneum/o, pneumat/o

air, gas, respiration, lung (roots)

pneumatocardia

presence of air in the heart

spir/o

breathing (roots)

spirometer

instrument for measuring breathing volumes

pneumonitis

inflammation of the lungs

pleuropulmonary

pertaining to the pleura and lungs

pneumoplasty

plastic repair of the lungs

pleuralgia

pain in the pleura

pulmonology

- study of the lungs

pneumatic

- pertaining to air or gas

interpleural

- between the pleura

subphrenic

- below the diaphragm

phrenicotomy

- surgical incision of the phrenic nerve