PEH Chapter 2: Traditional Dance (Folk and Ethnic)

Fundamental Positions of the Arms

-considered to be the basic and first step in performing a folk dance.
-these postures offer the basic framework for balance, elegance, pattern, formation, and coordination in folk dance.

1st Position (Fundamental Positions of the Arms)

Raised arms to circle in front of the circle

2nd Position (Fundamental Positions of the Arms)

Open arms sideward, raised below shoulder level with a graceful curve.

3rd Position (Fundamental Positions of the Arms)

Raise one arm ahead while the other arm is raised below shoulder level with a curve.

4th Position (Fundamental Positions of the Arms)

Riase one arm in front of the chest in a half circle, while the other remains overhead.

5th Position (Fundamental Positions of the Arms)

Raise both arms with a graceful curve.

Basic Folk Dance Steps of the Arms

1. Saludo
2. Arms in Lateral Position
3. Forearm
4. Hayon Hayon
5. Salok
6. Sarok
7. Kumintang
8. Sway Balance (Arms)

Fundamental Positions of the Feet

-provide the structural foundation for balance, alignment, and coordination.
-enables complex movements and intricate steps.
-allow for a more fluid and graceful performance, often a basis for choreogaphy.

1st Position (Fundamental Positions of the Feet)

Heels close together, toes apart with an angle of about 45 degrees.

2nd Position (Fundamental Positions of the Feet)

Astride sideward about a pace or 1-foor distance.

3rd Position (Fundamental Positions of the Feet)

Heels of one foot close to the in-step of the other foot.

4th Position (Fundamental Positions of the Feet)

One foot in front of the other foot of a pace distance.

5th Position (Fundamental Positions of the Feet)

Heel of the front food close to the big toe of the rear foot.

Basic Folk Dance Steps of the Feet

1. Saludo
2. Native Waltz
3. Change Step
4. Cross Waltz
5. Sway Balance (Point, Raise, Brush)
6. Hop Step
7. Brush Step
8. Mazurka
9. Point Step
10. Bleking Step
11. Close Step

Objectives of Philippine Folk Dances

-foster patriotism and nationalism
-arouse better appreciation
-provide a healthful form of relaxation and recreation
-develop a graceful and rhythmic coordination of body movements
-preserve the prosperity, folk dance, and music indigenous
-demonstrate the growth of culture

Folk Dance

-type of dance that is a vernacular, usually recreational, expression of a past or present culture.
-term was accepted until the mid-20th century.
1. Vernacular
2. Recreational
3. Expression of past, present, and future.

What makes a folk dance

-word "folk" should be modified by the adjective "dance" to denote a specific type of dancing that sets the performance or dance apart.
-should allude to the identities of the performers.
Facts about Folk Dances; 1. Traditional dances of a country which evolved naturally and spontaneously
2. Heartbeat of the people
3. Traditional social expressions of the ideals, mores, feelings, and thoughts.
4. Dancing is the outburst of people's feelings.
5. Not a universal genre of dance
6. No universal movement, figure, form, style, or function in relation to other folk dances.
7. Neither does a specific movement, figure, form, style, or function identify a dance as a folk dance.
8. Dances identified with and performed by folk dancers.

History of Folk Dance

The designation folk was used by those who did not consider themselves part of the folk, often describing such communities as peasants or simple people who carried on supposedly unsophisticated and ancient traditions. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, scholars believed folk dances were created anonymously and passed down through generations, linking them to a Darwinian social evolution. This idea fell out of favor by the 1930s. In the 21st century, some avoid the term "folk" due to its past misuse, while others use it to mean "traditional" or "authentic"

Pysiological and neuri-muscular development of the body (Values of Folk Dance)

-Folk dancing has many benefits for both the body and the brain.
-Physically, helps improve heart health, get blood pumping and boosting blood flow. Builds muscle strength, flexibility, and coordination.
-For the brain, encourages memory, improves thinking skills, and coordination. Strengthens brain connections, better balance and awareness of space.

Physiological

Means related to how the body works and functions. Involves processes like breathing, digestion and movement.

Neuro-muscular

The way the brain and nerves work together with the muscles. It's about how our brain sends signals to our muscles.

Cultural Depiction of the Filipino People (Values of Folk Dance)

-Folk dancing is an important way to show the culture of the Filipino people.
-Each dance tells a story and highlights the various different customs from various regions, celebrating ruch diversity of Filipino heritage.
-Preservation and connection to younger generations
-Builds community and teaces people of unique aspects of Filipino culture.

Social and Recreational (Values of Folk Dance)

-Brings people together during festivals and celebrations, helping to create a sense of belonging and friendship.
-Helps build friendships and offers a happy experience for everyone.

Geographical (Factors Affecting Folk Dances)

-The landscape where a dance originates influences its style and movements.
-For example, Tinikling which hails from the Visayas region is inspired by the movements of birds and reflects the rural, rice environment.

Economic Condition (Factors Affecting Folk Dances)

-Economic prosperity or scarcity affect how folk dances are performed.
-For instance, Pandanggo sa Ilaw from Mindoro is often performed at festive celebrations in more prosperous communities.
-In contrast, Maglalatik from Laguna uses coconut shells as costumes and props, demonstrating resourcefulness and reflecting the economic conditions of farming communities.

Climactic Condition (Factors Affecting Folk Dances)

-The weather patterns of a region can shape the tempo and attire of folk dances.
-For example, the Bangga dance from the Kalinga people in the colder regions of Cordilleras. Dancers often balance multiple clay pots on their heads while performing slow, graceful movements. Traditional attire consists of woven bahag and tapis, suited to the cooler mountain climate.

Customs and Traditions (Factors Affecting Folk Dances)

Folk dances are deeply connected to the cultural practices and beliefs of a community.

Geographical Extent of Origin [General Classification]

-Simply means where something comes from in terms of location or area.
-Refers to the specific places or regions where different dances originated or are commonly performed.

National Dances (Geopgrahical extent of Origin) [General Classification]

-are traditional dances that are widely performed across the Philippines with little or no changes.
-These dances reflect te country's rich cultural heritage and are often showcased during festivals, celebrations, and cultural events.

Local Dances (Geopgrahical extent of Origin) [General Classification]

-are traditional dances that are specific to particular regions or communities within the Philippines.
-local dance reflect the unique cultural practices, traditions, and histories of their respective areas.

Nature [General Classification]

Refers to the underlying themes, purposes, and characteristics of a dance. It encompasses the emotions, stories, or concepts that the dance conveys, as well as the context in which it is performed.

Occupational (Nature) [General Classification]

form of art that expresses the hardworking value of Filipinos. From different places in the country, showing their local culture and livelihood. Ex: Panting Mananguete Pabirik, Harvesting, Winnowing, Pounding.

Religious or Ceremonial (Nature) [General Classification]

performed in connection with religious vows and ceremonies. Ex: Dugsu Sua-sua Putung Santa Clarang pinong-pino.

Comic dances (Nature) [General Classification]

depicting funny movements for entertainment. Ex: Kimbo-kimbo, Makongo Kinoton

Wedding dances (Nature) [General Classification]

performed during wedding feast. Ex: Panasahan

Game dance with play elements (Nature) [General Classification]

Ex: Lubi-lubi, Pabo

Courtship dances (Nature) [General Classification]

depicting love making. Ex: Hele-hele bago quiere, Maramion, Tadek, Daling-daling.

Festival dance (Nature) [General Classification]

suitable for special occasion or any social gatherings. Ex: Pandango, Jota Habanera, Surtido

War dance (Nature) [General Classification]

showing imaginary combat or duel. Ex: Sagayan Palo Palo

Movements [General Classification]

can vary widely based on the style, purpose, and cultural background of the dance.
Active (Movements) [General Classifications]; with fast energetic movement, characterized by quick, lively movements and a high level of energy. Ex: Tinkling, Maglalatik, Sakuting, Polkabal

Moderate (Movements) [General Classifications]

Ex: Carinosa, Tagala, Habanera, Purpuri

Slow (Movements) [General Classifications]

refers to a tempo or style that emphasizes gentle fluid movements. Ex: Pasakat, Amoroso, Tiliday, Kundiman

Slow and fast (Movements) [General Classifications]

a mix of elegant and lively movements. Ex: Putritos, Habanera, Ba-ingles, Alcomfor.

Formation [General Classifications]

refers to the specific arrangement of dancers in a space during the performance. This can include various shapes and patterns that contribute tp the visual and rhythmic aspects of the dance.

Square or Quadrille (Formation) [General Classifications]

Ex: Rigodon, Los Bailes De Ayer
Long Formation (Formation) [General Classifications]; dancers line up in single or multiple lines, facing each other or one direction. Ex: Lulay, Sakuting.

Set (Formation) [General Classifications]

consisting of two or more pairs as a unit. Partners face each other standing side by side. Ex: Binadyong, Kakawati, Haplik.

Abaruray (Dance with Songs) [Special Classification]

characterized by lively movements and often performed during celebrations. Accompanying son typically narrates themes of love or nature.

Manang Biday (Dance with Songs) [Special Classification]

incorporates expressive movements that convey longing and romance.

Rogelia (Dance with Songs) [Special Classification]

involves intricate footwork and is typically performed at festivals, showcasing cultural heritage.

Lawiswis Kawayan (Dance with Songs) [Special Classification]

a popular Philippine folk dance that mimics the swaying of bamboo (kawayan).

Surtido (Dance of Combination Rhythm) [Special Classification]

Los Bailes de Ayer (Dance of Combination Rhythm) [Special Classification]; term referring to traditional dances that were popular in the past. This classification features various styles that reflect historical dance forms, often combining elements from different cultures.

Dancers Stand Apart (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

-Dancers usually stand apart to allow for free movement of the hands and feet, essential for executing dance steps correctly.
-Reflects cultural value of modesty.

Minimal Bodily Contact (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

-Folk dances have little to no body contact.
-This not only facilitates freedom of movement but also mirrors Filipino cultural values, especially regarding modesty and respect.

Dances are Done by Pairs or Couples (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

Most Philippine folk dances are performed by pairs, often depicting courtship or partnership between men and women.

Hand Movements Play an Important Role (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

-Hand gestures are significant in many folk dances, serving as a form of communication.
-Movements can convey messages or symbolize apects of life and culture such as greetings, work, emotions

Most Dances are in Long Formations (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

-Many folk dances are performed in long lines or formations.
-Helps create space for intricate steps and gives structure to group performances, emphasizing communal harmony.

Dances Begin and End with "Saludo" (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

-Saludo-a bow or respectful greeting, is integral to folk dances, symbolizing respect and courtesy among the performers, audience, and the dance itself.

Lowland Dances Have More Foreign Influences (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

- Folk dances from the lowlands often incorporate foreign elements due to the history of colonization and trade.
-Spanish, Chinese, and even Ameiracan influences are evident in dances like Jota and Mazurka, unlike highland dances which remain more indigenous.

War Dances Among Non-Christian Tribes (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

-More common among non-Christian tribes
-Often depict historical conflicts, hunting scenes, or warrior rituals, and reflect the tribal lifestyle of these communities.

Folk Dances as Expressive Behavior (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

-Philippine folk dances serve as an expressive portrayal of the everyday life of various tribes and ethnic groups.

Folk Dances Have No Known Choreographers (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

-Folk dances evolve naturally within communities, often without a known choreographer.
-These dances are passed down through generations and may change while retaining their core cultural significance.

Most Folk Dances Have Great Historical and Cultural Value (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

-Deep history of folk dances reflect the customs, traditions, and values of the Filipino people.
-Each movement or gesture may carry specific meaning, symbolizing events like planting, harvest, courtship, or religious rites.

Simple Rhythms and Patterns Dominate (Characteristics of Folk Dances)

-Philippine folk dances often feature basic rhythmic patterns that are easy to follow.
-simple rhythms establish a consistent movement pattern that allows expression of complex ideas through straightforward steps making dnaces accessible to the community.

Carinosa

-meaning the loving or affectionate one, is a Philippine dance of Hispanic origin.
-From the Maria Clara suite of Philippine folk dances, where the fan or handkerchief plays an instrumental role as it places the couple in a romantic scenario.
-slow dance where a man and woman dance together.
-resemblance to a bolera or a waltz.

Origin of Carinosa

-Carinosa was introduced to the country by Spanish colonizers.
-Believed that Panay Island, located in Visayan Islands group and was the original home of the carinosa.
Carinosa in Bicol; uses two handkerchiefs and both dancers point their feet forward as their hands go up at the same time.

Carinosa in Visayan

couple goes as far as combing each other's hair.

History of Carinosa

-dance that was introduced to the country by Spaniards when they arrived in the 16th Century.
-During the Marcos regime, the carinosa was named the national dance of the Philippines.

Ballroom Dance (Other Scopes of Dance)

-refers to a set of partner dances, traditionally performed in formal settings.
-originated in Western cultures but has since spread globally, incorporating diverse influences while retaining its elegant and structured form.

Character Dance/Tap Dance (Other Scopes of Dance)

-includes styles that incorporate exaggerated movements, costumes, and facial expressions to portray a specific character or theme.
-Tap dance, a key example focuses on rhythm and sound created by metal plates on the dancers' shoes. It is both an auditory and visual form of dance

Classical Dance/Ballet (Other Scopes of Dance)

-characterized by its graceful, flowing movements, precise footwork, and the use of pointe shoes.
-emphasizes discipline, poise, and the portrayal of narratives through movement, often set to orchestral music.

Folk Dance (Other Scopes of Dance)

-traditional form of dance that reflects the life, customs, and culture of a particular community or nation.
-performed during festivals, religious ceremonies, and social gatherings.
-usually passed down through generations and involve simple, repetitive steps, making them accessible to the general populace.
-each region has its own unique dance

Modern Dance (Other Scopes of Dance)

-emerged in the early 20th century as a reaction against the rigid structure of classical ballet.
-characterized by its free-form, expressive movements, allowing dancers to explore a wider range of motions and emotions.
-rejects the strict conventions of ballet, focusing instead on improvisation, abstract concepts, and the use of space and gravity.

Modern Jazz Dance (Other Scopes of Dance)

-a highly energetic and rhythmical form of dance that blends elements from pazz music and classical and modern dance techniques.
-It involves sharp, dynamic movements and often emphasizes syncopation and isolation of body parts.
-Continues to evolve with influences from hip-hop, street dance, and other contemporary styles.

Folk Dance (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

The traditional dance of an indigenous society, showcasing the cultural characteristics of a specific people at a given time and place. It is a social expression through rhythmic movement, preserving traditions of the past, including music, steps, and costumes

Ethnic Dance (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

Reflects the distinct characteristics of specific tribes, especially their cultural, racial, religious, and traditional similarities. Movement patterns are not specific, and it is rarely classified as a folk dance

National Dance (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

Refers to folk dances widely performed throughout a specific country. Examples include England's Virginia Reel, Italy's Tarantella, Scotland's Highland Fling, and the Philippines' Tinikling and Cariñosa

Natural Dance (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

A type of dance that uses basic locomotor and axial movements

Creative Movement (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

The highest form of dance for entertainment, resulting from exploration and improvisation of movements by the dancer or choreographer to express feelings, ideas, or interpretations. It has a definite form with a clear beginning and ending

Gymnastic Dance (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

A dance form that appeals to skillful performers, maintaining interest through visual elements and providing participants with tremendous satisfaction

Social Dance (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

A wholesome and artistic form of dancing used by social groups for recreational purposes. It includes fundamental steps as preparation for ballroom dancing

Modern Dance (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

A departure from traditional ballet, created by American dancer Isadora Duncan, where movements begin at the center of the body and extend to the limbs, contrasting classical ballet

Recreational Dance (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

Includes mixers, square dances, and round or couple dances. These dances have simple patterns often based on walking steps

Singing Dance (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

Combines movement and singing done together in rhythm, valuable for young children to develop their sense of rhythm

Creative Training (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

Also called Fundamental Mutual Dances, this involves exploration and improvisation of movement, teaching children how to move their bodies and use instruments for exploration, often taught in elementary schools

Philippine Folk Dance (Kinds or Phases of Dances)

Consists of rhythmic movement sustained by regular tempo or music, used as a form of nonverbal communication or to relieve tension. It reflects the spirit, character, and artistry of its time, while also serving as a cultural mirror. Folk dance portrays the nation's sentiments, ideas, mores, and feelings through body movement