Membrane Movement + Osmolarity/Starling

Fick’s, directly, inversely

__ law of diffusion is:

__ proportional to temperature, concentration gradient, solubility

__ proportional to molecule size, diffusion distance, fluid viscosity

Equilibrium, disequilibrium, disequilibrium, equilibrium

Homeostasis does not mean ___

The dynamic steady state includes chemical ___, electrical __, and osmotic __

Primary Active Transport

Protein mediator directly uses ATP to pump molecules against concentration gradient

3, 2

Na+/K+-ATPase pumps _ Na+ out of cells and _ K+ into cells (1Active)

Secondary Active Transport

Protein mediator indirectly uses energy stored in Na+ gradient to pump against concentration gradient

Symport

Molecules moving in the same direction of gradient (2Active)

Antiport

Molecules moving in opposite directions (2Active)

ATP, vesicles

Endo/Exocytosis uses __ and requires __ to move items past cell membrane

Simple Diffusion

Selective permeable molecules go through phospholipid bilayer with no assistance AND downhill, no ATP

Facilitated Diffusion

Protein channels embedded in cell membrane push molecules down a concentration gradient, no ATP

Polarity, epithelial, lumen

__ refers to the intrinsic asymmetry in cells from top vs bottom in structure/function (i.e. __ cells)

__ means the inside of a tube

Apical Membrane

Domain with lumen side

Basolateral Membrane

Domain with interstitial side

Na in, H out, Na out, K in

A higher concentration of H+ ions to the apical membrane means that __ (ion in/out) cell and stored energy forces __ cell

In the basolateral membrane, __ cell and __ cell (like standard active transport)

Na-K kump, concentration gradient

The 1st active transport (i.e. _-_ __) creates a __ __ for 2ndary active transport

Osmosis

Movement of water by a pressure gradient between 2 compartments

Osmotic Pressure

Region with high osmolarity PULLS water from region of low osmolarity

Osmolarity, molarity, dissociation factor, 1

__ is the concentration of osmotically active particles in osmol/L

and is calculated by __ x __ __

Glucose does not dissociate readily and has a dis factor of _

Tonicity, solution, cell

__ predicts water movement

We describe it as for a __(ECF) relative to the __ (ICF)

Isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic

• __ solution is Osmolarity of solution = cell

  • No water movement

• __ solution is Osmolarity of solution > cell

  • Water moves out of the cell

• __ solution is Osmolarity of solution < cell

  • Water moves into the cell

Ions, glucose, proteins, intravascular

Most solutes (i.e. __, __) equilibrate between interstitial fluid and plasma

__ are too large to readily cross capillary walls and remain in the __ space

Endothelial, pores, vesicular

• Lipid-Soluble substances pass through __ cells

• Small water-soluble substances pass through cellular __

• Exchangeable proteins moved across by __ transport

Oncotic, osmotic, albumin

__ pressure describes a pulling force (__ force) of plasma proteins to draw water into intravascular space

An increase in __ in intravascular space then increases this pressure

Starling Forces

Net fluid movement is determined by the balance of hydrostatic forces, osmotic forces, and capillary permeability across a membrane → aka __ __

Capillary, hydrostatic

__ pressure is a __ pressure in capillaries pushing against the capillary wall

Plasma protein oncotic, osmotic

__ __ __ forces (πc) detail proteins stuck inside vessels and exhibit __ forces into capillary

Interstitial fluid, hydrostatic

__ __ pressure (PIF) is __ pressure in capillaries pushing into the capillary wall

Interstitial protein oncotic, osmotic

__ __ __ forces (πIF) detail proteins leaked out of vessels that exhibit __ forces to go back to capillaries

Hydrostatic, filtration, osmotic, reabsorption

Arteriole net forces are mainly __ and favor __ (i.e. Pc, PIF)

whereas venule net forces are mainly __ and favor __ (i.e. Pic, PiIF)

Fluid, scarring, albumin, oncotic

Ascites describes a buildup of __ in the abdomen from liver __ (cirrhosis)

There is a also a decrease in the protein __ that leads to a decrease in __ pressure of the abdomen

Portal, backflow, hydrostatic, leak

Noted from ascites is __ hypertension to the portal vein which can result in __ of blood pressure due to the scarring of the liver preventing filtration

A higher capillary __ pressure from the damaged liver means that fluid will readily __ into the abdomen → distension

Temperature (temp), gradient, solubility

size, distance, viscosity

Diffusion is directly proportional to __, concentration __, and __

Diffusion is inversely related to molecule __, diffusion __, and fluid __

Negative (-) Forces

Interstitial fluid (hydrostatic) pressure

Plasma protein oncotic forces

+/- forces

Positive (+) Forces

Capillary (hydrostatic) pressure

Interstitial protein oncotic forces

+/- forces