HDE 100B - Ch 6 - Sexuality in Adolescence

healthy

A Normal Aspect of Adolescent Development

Majority of adol’s have (unhealthy/healthy) sexual attitudes

true

A Normal Aspect of Adolescent Development

True or false? Every society pays some attention to adol sexuality - ties virtually to all areas of adol dev

timing

Cross-Cultural Comparisons

The blank of teen sexual initiation varies widely by culture & gender, & in most instances, linked to culture’s values & customs

teen girls

Cross-Cultural Comparisons

Which gender AND age demographic reports being in love as main reason they’re sexually active?

false

Cross-Cultural Comparisons

True or false? Sexual activity patterns for 15-19 y/o follow the same patterns for males & females in almost every geographic region of world

permissiveness

The Sexual Culture

Today, adult sex openly acknowledged as appropriate for married & single adults

• Sex among unmarried teens = extension of general trend towards what?

not have sex, positive

The Sexual lCulture

US sends mixed signals…

• Adol’s are told to not blank (esp girls)

• While adol’s see sex in media as blank (esp boys)

media, internet

The Sexual Culture

Sex is explicitly portrayed in what? Explain

• Adolescents use the blank as resource for info about sexuality

sexting

The Sexual Culture

Involves sending sexually explicit images, vids, o sexually explicit text messages via electronic communication

58%

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

In a US national survey, what percentage of 12th graders reported they had exp sexual intercourse (vs 30% 9th graders)?

fewer

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

From 1991-2015 (fewer/more) adol’s reported ever having had sexual intercourse, sexually active, had sexual intercourse before 13 y/o, o had 4+ partners during lifetime

African American. Asian Americans

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

Sexual initiation in US varies by ethnic group…

• Blank teens likely to engage in sexual behaviors earlier than other ethnic groups

• Blank teens likely to engage in them later

emotionally

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

Risk Factors in Adolescent Sexuality

Many adol’s not blank prepared to handle sexual exp’s, esp in early adol

risky behaviors

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

Risk Factors in Adolescent Sexuality

Early sexual activity linked with what?

• In addition to having sex in early adol, other risk factors for sexual probs in adol include contextual factors such as…(4)?

family strengths

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

Risk Factors in Adolescent Sexuality

Blank in childhood protect against early initiation of sexual activity & adol pregnancy

single parent

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

Risk Factors in Adolescent Sexuality

Sexual risk taking more common in girls living in what type of households?

attention problems, weak self-regulation

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

Risk Factors in Adolescent Sexuality

Cog factors increasingly implicated in sexual risk taking in adol. Those are…?

omnipotent, indestructible

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

Cognitive Factors

W/ dev idealism & ability to think in more abstract & hypothetical ways, some young adol’s may become immersed in a mental world far removed from reality 

• May see themselves as what?

themselves, sexuality, emotional & cognitive maturity

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

Cognitive Factors

What seems to predict whether adolescents will use contraceptives (informing them about contraceptives is not enough)

• Acceptance of… (2)

  • What does this require?

multifaceted

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

Developing a Sexual Identity

Dealing with emerging sexual feelings & forming sense of sexual identity is a blank process

• Learning to manage sexual arousal & attraction, dev new forms of intimacy, regular sexual behavior

hormones, social, cultural

Development of Sexual Activities in Adolescents

Developing a Sexual Identity

Sexual identities emerge in the context of physical factors such as… (3)

• Social norms related to sex esp has a strong influence on sexual behavior

sexual script

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

A stereotyped pattern of role prescriptions of how individuals should behave in sexual contexts

sexual minority

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Someone who self-identities as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender

• Many more individuals report having same-sex attractions and behavior than identifying with this label => researchers leaning away from “homosexual”

homophobia

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Irrational negative feelings against individuals who have same-sex attractions

heterosexual, homosexual

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Until middle of 20th cen, generally believed that ppl either blank o blank

• There has been a move away from the later term cuz of negative historic connotations

bisexual

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Someone who is attracted to ppl of both sexes

exaggerate, down play

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

When asked abt sexual activity, individ’s may respond truthfully, o may give socially desirable answers

• Boys tend to blank sexual exp’s to increase perceptions of sexual prowess 

• Girls tend to blank sexual exp so they won’t be perceived as irresponsible o promiscuous

establishing, disclosing, early adolescence, emerging adulthood

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Gay or Lesbian Identity & Disclosure

Blank a gay male o lesbian identity & blank that info to others often a long process, freq beginning and concluding when?

different from other boys, 1/2

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Gay or Lesbian Identity & Disclosure

The majority of gay adol’s say that as children they felt what?

• What percentage initially tried to deny identity as gay male?

friendship, academic, school climate

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Similarities & Differences With Heterosexual Youth

What are some of the similarities between heterosexual and queer adolescents?

• Blank quality

• Blank orientation

• Perception of…

positive experiences

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Similarities & Differences With Heterosexual Youth

Adol’s w/ same-sex attractions reported less what than did exclusively heterosexual adol’s?

• Earlier sexual debut (before age 13)  

• Higher # of lifetime o recent sexual partners 

• More STI’s

bisexuals, suicidal ideation, sexual partners

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Similarities & Differences With Heterosexual Youth

Which adolescents reported the most negative results in presence positive experiences?

• Higher rate of blank & attempts than gay, lesbian, o heterosexual counterparts 

• More blank & earlier sexual debut than any other group

masturbation

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

What is the most frequent sexual outlet for many adolescents? Especially male adolescents?

12-13

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Self-Stimulation

Most teen boys have their first ejaclation around what age?

15%

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Self-Stimulation

Today, less than what percentage of adol’s attach any stigma to masturbation?

contraceptives

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Many sexually active adol’s don’t use what, o they use them inconsistently?

younger

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Contraceptive Use

(Younger/older) idol’s are less likely than the other to take contraceptives precautions

condoms, pregnancy

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Researchers also found US adol’s use less blank than their counterparts in Europe

• Birth control pill continues to be higher in European countries 

• Such comparisons provide insight into why adol blank rates much higher in US than in European countries 

50%

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

What percentage of US 15-19 y/o girls with unintended pregnancies (ending in live births) were not using birth control when they go pregnant?

age difference

Sexual Minority Youths’ Attitudes & Behavior

Greater blank between sexual partners in adolescence is also associated with less consistent condom use?

sexually transmitted infections

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Infections that are contracted primarily through sexual contact; includes vaginal, oral-genital, & anal-genital

AIDS

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

STIs

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which destroys the body’s immune system

• Caused the most deaths, had greater impact on sexual behavior, & created most public fear

genital herpes

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

STIs

An STI caused by a large fam of viruses of diff strains, which also produce non sexually transmitted diseases such as chicken pox & mononucleosis

genital warts

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

STIs

An STI caused by the human papilloma virus; vv contagious & are the most commonly acquired STI in US 15-24 y/o’s

• Usually appear as small, hard, painless bumps on penis, vaginal area, o around anus

gonorrhea

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

STIs

An STI caused by bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoae, which thrives in moist mucous membranes lining mouth, throat, vagina, cervix, urethra, & anal tract

syphillis

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

STIs

AN STI caused by the bacterium Treponema palladium, a spirochete

chlamydia

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

STIs

One of the most common STIS, named for Chlamydia trachomatis, an organism that spreads by sexual contact & infects genital organs of both sexes

200,000

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Incidence of Adolescent Pregnancy - “Children Having Children”

How many females US have child before 18th bday? (More than…)

an adult activity, contraceptives, sex ed, fam

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Incidence of Adolescent Pregnancy - “Children Having Children”

The reason why adol pregnancy rates in many other countries are lower than in US is because they…

• Emphasize that childbearing is blank

• Support clear messages about use of effective blank and early comprehensive blank

• Provide greater access to blank services & contraceptives

22.3, lowest

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Trends in US Adolescent Pregnancy Rates

2013 - US birth rate for 15-19 y/o blank births per 1,000 females - (lowest/highest) rate ever recorded

health, contraceptive, STIs

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Trends in US Adolescent Pregnancy Rates

Likely reasons for the decline in US adolescent pregnancy rates include…

• School/community blank classes,

• Increased blank use

• Fear of blank

non marital

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Trends in US Adolescent Pregnancy Rates

Proportion of adol births that are blank increased. Why?

preterm, birth weights

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Consequences of Adolescent Pregnancy

Infants born to adol mothers more likely to be born blank & have low blank (prominent factor in infant mortality) as well as neurological problems & childhood illness

low SES, good students

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Consequences of Adolescent Pregnancy

Often not pregnancy alone that leads to neg consequences for adol mother & offspring 

• Adol mother most likely to come from what kind of backgrounds?

• Many adol mothers not what kind of students before they became pregnant?

1/5

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Adolescents as Parents

What fraction of adol girls receives any parental care at all during the important first 3 mo of pregnancy?

child rearing

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Adolescents as Parents

Adol mothers are less competent at blank & have less realistic expectations for their infants’ development

• Interact less effectively w/ their infants than adult mothers 

• Spend more time negatively interacting & less time in play

• Less positive interactions w/ infants

intelligence tests

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Adolescents as Parents

Children born to adol mothers don’t perform as well on what kinds of tests & have more behavioral problems than children born to mothers in their 20’s?

increased

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Adolescents as Parents

Daughters of teen mothers are at (decreased/increased) risk for teen childbearing

dropping out of school

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Adolescents as Parents

Adol fathers often compound the problems of being a parent at a young age by doing what?

rape

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Forcible Sexual Behavior & Sexual Harassment

Forcible sexual intercourse with a person who doesn’t give consent

date/acquaintance rape

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Forcible Sexual Behavior & Sexual Harassment

Coercive sexual activity directed at someone whom the perpetrator knows

quid pro quo sexual harassment

Problematic Sexual Outcomes in Adolescence

Forcible Sexual Behavior & Sexual Harassment

Sexual harassment in which a school employee threatens to base an educational decision on a student’s submission to unwelcome sexual conduct

how automobiles function

Sexual Literacy

According to June Reinisch, US citizens know more abt blank than about how their bodies function sexually

• Sexual info abundant, but much is misinfo 

• Even sex ed teachers can display sexual ignorance 

accuracy

Sexual Literacy

Sources of Sex Information

A special concern about adolescents’ access to the internet is the blank of sexual info

less likely

Sexual Literacy

Sources of Sex Information

Those who talk w/ parents openly & freely about sex are (more likely/less likely) to be sexually active

mothers

Sexual Literacy

Sources of Sex Information

Adolescents (both male & female) are far more likely to have convos about sex with which parent?

abstinence only

Sexual Literacy

What is the Most Effective Sex Education?

What kinds of programs do not delay initiation of sexual intercourse & do not reduce risk behaviors?

do not, adolescent pregnancy, STIs

Sexual Literacy

What is the Most Effective Sex Education?

Sex ed programs that emphasize contraceptive knowledge (do/ do not) increase the incidence of sexual intercourse & are more likely to reduce risk of what two things than abstinence-only programs