Intro to Animal Science 1000 - Unit 2 - Lecture - Prof. Tembei

The incubation period for chicken eggs is _____________

21 days

___________is the average length of the estrous cycle in the ewe and ___________is the average length of the estrous cycle in the sow.

17 and 21 days

True or False? Advances in AI (artificial insemination) permit livestock producers to use outstanding sires for genetic improvement and to control reproductive diseases in their herds.

True

The release of the ovum in cows or ova in sows is often referred to as ______________.

ovulation

The incubation period for turkey eggs is _____________.

28

In our class discussion the funnel-like structure that catches the ova as they are released from the ovary of a sow during ovulation is known as the:

infundibulum

The scar tissue(s) structure(s) left on the ovary after ovulation occurs in either the cow or sow reproductive tracts is/are known as ___________.

corpus lutea

In the sexually mature boar or bull _______________ cells are involved in the generation of spermatozoa.

seminiferous tubules

Ovarian functions occur in a cyclic manner following puberty. This cyclic nature of events is known as the:

estrous cycle

The hormone in the female animal that causes the cessation of pregnancy or triggers parturition is ____.

PGF2a

True or False? Only the right ovary is functional in producing an ovum in the avian species because the left ovary atrophies.

false

The ovum is enclosed in a fluid filled cavity during development. This structure on the ovary is known as the ______________.

follicle

______________ is the length of gestation in the cow.

282 days

________________ is the reproductive technique or process used to control the estrous cycle so that female animals in the herd are in estrus at the same time.

Estrus synchronization

____________________ and ___________________ are considered technological advances in reproduction:

a & c above - artificial insemination & mecadox

______________ is the length of gestation in the ewe or doe.

150 days

____________________ is the hormone secreted by the female reproductive tract that causes sexual excitability in cows, ewes, sows, etc.

Estrogen

______________ is the length of gestation in the sow.

114 days

True of False? Fertilization occurs in the oviduct in the female reproductive tract because during estrus conditions in the fallopian tube are suitable for fertilization to occur.

True

In the sexually mature gilt or heifer________________ cells are involved in the production of the female secondary sex hormone estrogen.

Graafian follicle

True of False? True fat provides a more concentrated amount of energy as compared to carbohydrates, and also provides some of the essential fatty acids.

True

______________ is the length of gestation in the mare.

336 days

Which major hormone is produced by testicular cells that is responsible for male secondary sex characteristics?

testosterone

______________ is the meiotic process that results in the development of the sperm in male farm animals.

spermatogenesis

The hormone in the female animal that stimulates follicular development is ___________.

FSH

True of False? The amount of water needed by the animal is directly related to the amount of feed dry matter consumed.

True

True of False? Artificial insemination (AI), a technology in animal reproduction allows for extensive use of outstanding sires for genetic improvement. AI is primarily used for genetic improvement in the beef industry than in the dairy industry.

False

Ovarian functions occur in a cyclic manner following puberty. The period of time when the animal shows signs of sexual receptivity is referred to in reproductive physiology as

Estrus

The hormone that is produced by the corpus luteum and functions in preventing estrus during pregnancy or maintaining pregnancy is known as:

progesterone

True of False? The growth curve, or plot of weight versus time, is similar for all species of livestock and is best described by an S-shaped curve.

True

Factors affecting sperm production are numerous in animal production. Which of the following factors would be considered a hereditary factor that affects sperm production.

cryptorchids

True of False? Sperm stored in the oviduct is capable of fertilizing eggs for up to 30 days in turkeys and 10 days in chickens.

True

In male birds (chickens) the testicles are retained in the abdomen even after they are hatched. The following statement(s) is(are) true about male birds at sexual maturity.

A & C above - produces viable spermatozoa that can fertilize an ovum & produces testosterone

True of False? A cryptorchid is an animal whose testicles do not drop into the scrotal sacs at birth. A cryptorchid bull will typically be able to produce spermatozoa that is viable and will fertilize an ovum if the ejaculate is used (by AI) to mate a cow.

False

True of False? Weight per day of age is a measure of growth rate and is commonly used when livestock are being raised for breeding purposes.

True

In the sexually mature boar or bull _______________ is the site of sperm cell maturation and storage in the testicle.

epididymis

The hormone in the female animal that triggers ovulation the ovum or ova from the ovary is _____.

LH

Which principal hormones are involved in bringing about successful parturition?

relaxin & progesterone

Factors affecting sperm production are numerous in animal production. Which of the following factors would be considered an environmental factor that affects sperm production.

A & C above - high temperatures & underfeeding

____________________ is the hormone secreted by structures in the female reproductive tract that causes sexual excitability in cows, ewes, sows, etc.

Estrogen

Animal performance is affected by two major factors, what are these major factors?

genetic selection & environment

The primary organ of the female reproductive system produces _________________ & ________, while the primary organ of the male reproductive system produces ____________ & __________________

Ova & estrogen + spermatozoa & testosterone

In our class discussion, the funnel-like structure that catches the ova as they are released from the ovary of a sow during ovulation is known as the:

infundibulum

________________ is the reproductive technique or process used to allow the cow to produce more ova during the estrous cycle so that the cow in the herd can be mated to produce multiple embryos for embryo transfer.

Superovulation

True of False? The anatomy and the ability to produce an offspring is quite different in birds as compared to mammals:

True

______________ is the meiotic process that results in the development of an ovum in the cow.

Oogenesis

In the sexually mature boar or bull _________________ cells are involved in the production of the male secondary sex hormone testosterone.

Leydig cells

Reproductive efficiency in farm animals is measured by the number of_____________:

all of the above - calves or lambs per 100 females + eggs produced per year + piglets per litter

In the sexually mature boar or bull _______________ cells are involved in the generation of seminal fluids to add volume to spermatozoa.

Seminal Vesicle

Reproductive efficiency is a trait of great economic importance in farm animal production. To increase reproductive performance you as a future manager of an animal production unit must:

A & B above - know the proper anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system + give priority in your management location to improving reproductive performance

Your animal science instructor in a discussion about inducing the parturition process in domestic animals (cows, sows, ewes, does, etc.) indicated that women of child bearing age working on the farm should never be allowed to handle the following product used in the parturition inducing process:

Lutalyse

What two domesticated farm animals are known to be seasonally polyestrus?

Mare & ewe

In livestock production what is the reason given by producers for castrating male animals that are raised and sold as meat animals?

All of the above - To remove boar taint + to make handling easier + to remove sex-related odors

What is the major hormone produced by the cells of the graafian follicle?

Progesterone

In which of the following livestock industries is artificial insemination (AI) moderately used as a reproductive technology?

Swine Industry

List the four phases of the estrous cycle in the proper sequence of the estrous cycle events.

Proestrus, estrus, metestrus & diestrus

What is the main function of the placenta in the cow reproductive system?

Housing and safety (not word for word)

True or False? In animal reproduction, the advantages of the technologies of multiple ovulations, estrus synchronization, embryo sexing and transplantation is the increased production of bull calves in beef cattle and increased production of heifer calves in dairy cattle.

True

Which one of the following structures relaxes and allows the sigmoidal flexure of the bull to straighten during mating & ejaculation.

Retrator penis muscle

True or False? Many environmental and hereditary factors affect fertility in both sires and dams; however, hereditary factors are usually temporary while environmental factors are usually permanent.

False

________________ is the term used to refer to the force that moves food after swallowing throughout the animal's gastrointestinal tract (digestive system).

Peristalsis

Which of the following enzymes is involved in protein digestion in the monogastric animal's gastrointestinal tract?

Pepsin

________________________ is the endproduct of protein digestion in the monogastric animal's gastrointestinal tract?

amino acids

________________________ is the endproduct of carbohydrate digestion in the monogastric animal's gastrointestinal tract?

glucose

_________________ and ________________respectively are the active sites of digestion and nutrient absorption in the monogastric animal's gastrointestinal tract?

Duodenum + jejunum

In a discussion at the Pioneer Swine Center during the Farm tour as well as in a video viewed in Lab, your instructor as well as the swine producer indicated that on a swine farm there are two different environmental practices in the farrowing house. What is a true statement?

A warm environment for the piglets & cool environment for the sows

The ruminant animal (the cow) has 4 stomach compartments: List in the right sequence or order of ingesta movement through these 4 compartments in an adult cow.

Rumen-Reticulum-Omasum-Abomasum

A nutrient is a feed constituent that aids in the support of animal life: __________________ is the most costly nutrient and ___________ is the most important nutrient in livestock nutrition.

Protein + water

________________ is the reproductive technique or process used to control the estrous cycle so that female animals in the herd are in estrus at the same time.

estrus synchronization (DUPLICATE with #14 )

During the reproductive tracts dissection in lab the previous week, we dissected reproductive tracts. In one of those tracts we observed fetal growth in the reproductive tracts; which tract did we observe this in?

None of the tracts

In which of the following livestock industries is artificial insemination (AI) used the most?

Dairy cattle industry

True or False? The duodenum is the active site of digestion and the jejunum is the active site of nutrient absorption in the small intestines.

True

A nutrient is a feed constituent that aids in the support of animal life: ___________ is the most important nutrient and __________________ is the least expensive nutrient in livestock nutrition.

Water & vitamins

water + water

Which one of the following would not be considered as the general characteristic of forages?

high in energy

The ruminant animal (the young calf prior to 6-8 weeks of age) has 4 stomach compartments: List in the right sequence or order of ingesta movement through these 4 compartments in the young calf.

reticulum, omasum, + abomasum

True or False? The jejunum is the active site of feed digestion and the duodenum is the active site of absorption in the small intestines.

False

What is the main functions of the placenta in the cow reproductive system?

Housing and safety (not word for word)

True or False? In animal reproduction, the advantages of the technologies of multiple ovulations, estrus synchronization, embryo sexing and transplantation is the increased production of bull calves in beef cattle and increased production of heifer calves in dairy cattle.

True (#58 Duplicate)

Horses are monogastric animals, yet they can utilize roughages very effectively. _________________ is the anatomical structure in the horse digestive tract that allows the horse to utilize roughages?

cecum

The small intestines of the mongastric animal (the sow) has 3 regions: List in the right sequence or order of ingesta movement through these 3 regions in the sow.

Duodenum-jejunum-ileum

Which one of the following structures relaxes and allows the sigmoidal flexure of the bull to straighten during mating & ejaculation.

Retrator penis muscle (#59 Duplicate)

Farm animals' daily feed intake generally ____________ as environmental temperatures (e.g., summer temperatures) increase.

decreases

_____________________ is considered as the active site of digestion in the digestive system of the pig.

Duodenum

The ruminant animal (the cow) has 4 stomach compartments: List in the right sequence or order of ingesta movement through these 4 compartments in an adult cow.

Rumen-Reticulum-Omasum-Abomasum (#67 Duplicate)

List the four phases of the estrous cycle in the proper sequence of the estrous cycle events.

Proestrus, estrus, metestrus & diestrus (#56 Duplicate)

What is the main functions of the placenta in the cow reproductive system?

Housing and safety (not word for word) (#77 Duplicate)

True or False? In animal reproduction, the advantages of the technologies of multiple ovulations, estrus synchronization, embryo sexing and transplantation is the increased production of bull calves in beef cattle and increased production of heifer calves in dairy cattle.

True (#58 & #78 Duplicates)

Which one of the following structures contracts and allows the sigmoidal flexure of the bull to coil or contract after mating & ejaculation.

Retrator penis muscle

True or False? environmental and hereditary factors affect fertility in both sires and dams; however, hereditary factors are usually temporary while environmental factors are usually permanent.

False

________________ is the term used to refer to the force that moves food after swallowing throughout the animal's gastrointestinal tract (digestive system).

Peristalsis (#61 Duplicate)

Which of the following enzymes is involved in carbohydrates digestion in the monogastric animal's gastrointestinal tract?

amylase

A nutrient is a feed constituent that aids in the support of animal life: __________________ is the most expensive nutrient and ___________ is the most important nutrient in livestock nutrition.

protein + water

Which one of the following would be considered as the general characteristic of fats or lipids?

high in energy

True or False? Sperm stored in the oviduct is capable of fertilizing eggs for up to 10 days in turkeys and 30 days in chickens.

False

Fermentation of fibrous feeds in the horse's digestive system, similar to that occurring in the rumen of cattle or sheep occurs in the:

cecum

The enzyme lipase is most active in the ____________environment and _______ structure of the digestive tract:

alkaline environment of the small intestine

The process of feed digestion in domestic animals include:

all of the above - chemical breakdown + physical breakdown + release of nutrients + enzymatic breakdown

True or False? True fat provides a more concentrated amount of energy as compared to carbohydrates, and also provides some of the essential fatty acids.

True

Animal performance is affected by two major factors, what are these major factors?

#41 Duplicate

True or False? In livestock production animal growth is defined as increase in size. It is a known fact that fat growth & development occurs first before bone and muscle tissue growth & development.

False