Chapter 11: Sectional Conflict Increases (1845-1861)

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What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 address?

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The debate over the spread of slavery.

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What states were admitted to the Union in 1836 and 1837 without dispute?

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Arkansas and Michigan.

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Flashcards based on Chapter 11, focusing on key events and concepts related to the sectional conflicts surrounding slavery in the United States.

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1
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What did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 address?

The debate over the spread of slavery.

2
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What states were admitted to the Union in 1836 and 1837 without dispute?

Arkansas and Michigan.

3
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What is popular sovereignty?

The practice of allowing voters in a territory to decide whether to permit slavery.

4
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Who proposed extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific Ocean?

President James Polk.

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What was the Free-Soil Party's main demand?

Prohibit the expansion of slavery into the territories.

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What was the role of Zachary Taylor in the 1848 election?

He was the Whig candidate who held slaves but did not publicly advocate for slavery.

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What significant event did the 1848 election demonstrate about the slavery issue?

Politicians could no longer ignore the slavery question.

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What divided Congress in December 1849?

The slavery issue, particularly regarding California and New Mexico.

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What state did President Taylor urge Congress to admit as a free state?

California.

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What was Henry Clay's proposal regarding California and Texas?

Admit California as a free state and pay Texas $10 million to abandon claims in New Mexico.

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What was the Compromise of 1850?

An agreement that allowed California to enter as a free state, divided the Mexican Cession, and included provisions related to slavery.

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What law made it a federal crime to help runaway slaves?

Fugitive Slave Act (1850).

13
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What was Harriet Beecher Stowe's significant publication?

Uncle Tom's Cabin.

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What did Uncle Tom’s Cabin depict about slavery?

It depicted the harsh realities of slavery and the impact on African American families.

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What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A law that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, allowing voters to decide on slavery.

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What did the Kansas-Nebraska Act repeal?

The Missouri Compromise.

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What conflict arose in Kansas as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

The struggle between antislavery and pro-slavery forces.

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What did pro-slavery forces do in March 1855?

Crossed into Kansas to influence the election for a pro-slavery legislature.

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What was the Pottawatomie Massacre?

An incident where abolitionist John Brown murdered five pro-slavery settlers.

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What was the name of the political party formed by antislavery voters in 1854?

Republican Party.

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What issue did the Lecompton Constitution address?

Whether more slaves could enter the territory but not whether slavery should exist.

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Who was John C. Calhoun?

A leading fire-eater and pro-slavery advocate.

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What were fire-eaters?

Southern political leaders who held extreme pro-slavery views.

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What proposal did Henry Clay suggest to prevent the breakup of the Union?

Put aside sectional differences and find a compromise.

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What was a key outcome of the Compromise of 1850?

California was admitted as a free state.

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What measure did southern Congress members demand regarding runaway slaves?

A tougher fugitive slave law.

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What response did the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin provoke in the South?

It was banned, and other novels defending slavery were written.

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Why did the Free-Soil Party gain traction in the 1848 election?

They represented anti-slavery sentiment that neither major party addressed.

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What was the response of the antislavery settlers to the pro-slavery legislature in Kansas?

Formed the Free State Party and elected their own legislature.

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What did the Emigrant Aid Company do?

Helped antislavery families move to Kansas.

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What was a major consequence of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

It renewed southern hopes for the expansion of slavery.

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What did Congress agree upon in September 1850?

Clay's measures known as the Compromise of 1850.

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What was the Fugitive Slave Act's impact in the North?

It faced vigorous opposition from anti-slavery Northerners.

34
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What did John Brown's actions in Kansas aim to achieve?

Protect antislavery interests and retaliate against pro-slavery actions.

35
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What was the political climate in the early 1850s regarding the slavery issue?

Highly contentious and divided among political lines.

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What did politicians begin to realize during the 1848 election?

The slavery issue could no longer be ignored.

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How did southern lawmakers respond to California's admission as a free state?

They strongly opposed it.

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In what way did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect the Missouri Compromise?

It repealed the Missouri Compromise.

39
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What was a result of the rivalry between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery governments in Kansas?

Inevitability of conflict and violence.

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What significant event did the election for delegates to the Kansas constitutional convention lead to?

The boycott of elections by anti-slavery forces.

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What beliefs characterized President Franklin Pierce's approach to the slavery issue?

He attempted to harmonize views from both pro and anti-slavery sides.

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What did critics of the Kansas-Nebraska Act fear regarding labor in the new territories?

That the spread of slavery would force out white workers.

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What did the term 'Bleeding Kansas' refer to?

The violence between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in Kansas.

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What was the significance of the Kansas-Nebraska Act to the Republican Party's formation?

It galvanized opposition to the expansion of slavery.

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How did antislavery literature contribute to the broader abolitionist movement?

By appealing to public sentiment and moral reasoning.