Mexican War for Independence Flashcards

Flashcards reviewing key dates, people, events, and concepts of the Mexican War for Independence.

When did the Mexican War for Independence start?

September 16, 1810 – Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla issues el Grito de Dolores.

When did the Mexican War for Independence end?

September 27, 1821 – Army of the Three Guarantees enters Mexico City.

Who were the Peninsulares?

Spanish-born elite living in New Spain.

Who were the Criollos?

Spaniards born in the Americas, usually wealthy but with less political power.

What were the three main causes of the Mexican War for Independence?

Social inequality, political control from Spain, and economic exploitation.

Who were the key people in the Initiation stage of the Mexican War for Independence?

Hidalgo, Allende, Aldama

Who was the key person in the Organization stage of the Mexican War for Independence?

Morelos

Who was the key person in the Resistance stage of the Mexican War for Independence?

Guerrero

Who were the key people in the Consummation stage of the Mexican War for Independence?

Iturbide & Guerrero

Who was Miguel Hidalgo?

Began the revolt for Mexican Independence.

Who was Josefa Ortíz de Domínguez?

Warned the rebels of the discovered conspiracy.

Who was José María Morelos?

Created structure for the revolution and wrote Sentimientos de la Nación.

Who was Vicente Guerrero?

Fought during the resistance and later allied with Iturbide.

Who was Agustín de Iturbide?

Switched sides, helped finish the war, and became the first emperor.

What was the Querétaro Conspiracy?

Secret plans for rebellion discovered.

What was the Cry of Dolores?

Hidalgo’s call for revolution on Sept. 16, 1810.

What was the Alhóndiga de Granaditas?

Rebels win, symbolic early victory.

What was the Battle of Monte de las Cruces?

Insurgents win but retreat out of caution.

What were some key points of the Sentimientos de la Nación by Morelos?

Abolish slavery, promote equality, establish a republic.

What was the Acatempan Hug?

Peace between Iturbide and Guerrero.

What was the Trigarante Army?

Army of the Three Guarantees: Religion (Catholicism), Independence, Unity.

What was the Plan de Iguala (1821)?

The official plan for ending the war.

What was Anarchy in the context of the Mexican War for Independence?

Chaos from 1821–1824 (no strong government).

Who was the first ruler of Mexico after the Mexican war for Independence.

Agustín de Iturbide

Who was the first president of Mexico?

Guadalupe Victoria (1824)

The first consitution of Mexico in 1824 created these three branches:

Executive, Legislative, Judicial

What did the insurgent flag represent?

Virgin of Guadalupe (faith)

What did the Royalist flag represent?

Red and yellow (Spain)

What were the colours of the Trigarante Army flag?

Green, white, red

What is the origin of the name Mexico?

Mēxihco, Aztec name for the capital.

What Mexican war caused Mexico to lose territory?

Mexican-American War – 1846–1848

What did the Clerical constitution of 1824 entail?

Clerical Constitution: 1824 – Church had political power

What was the Secular Constitution of 1857?

Church and state were separated

What was the Reform War?

Church vs. State conflict

What were some of the contributions of the Porfiriato?

Railroads, economic growth, industrialization

In the Porfiriato, what did 'Evident Dictatorship' mean?

All power to Díaz

What was the fate of Díaz in the Porfiriato?

Díaz resigns, goes to exile in France

What Tropic passes through Mexico?

Tropic of Cancer

What are Latin Americans?

All from Latin-language-speaking American countries

What are Ibero-Americans?

Countries colonized by Spain or Portugal

What are Hispanic Americans?

Spanish-speaking American countries

What are the Elecciones Federales?

Election dates

What is the Día de los Muertos?

Day of the Dead

What is the Dia del Maestro?

Students Day