Active Transport I GCSE Biology I Primrose Kitten

What is active transport?

Movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, requiring energy

What is aerobic respiration?

Respiration that requires oxygen

What is diffusion?

The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

What is osmosis?

The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration

What is passive transport?

Transport of molecules from higher to lower concentration without energy

What is the function of a root hair cell?

To increase the surface area of the root epidermis to improve the uptake of water and minerals

Why are diffusion and osmosis considered passive processes?

They do not need energy for particles to move down their concentration gradient

Why is active transport considered an active process?

It moves particles against a concentration gradient and requires energy from respiration

Where does the energy for active transport come from?

Energy is released from aerobic respiration in the mitochondria

What affects the rate of active transport?

The rate of respiration

Why is oxygen required for active transport?

Oxygen is required for respiration, which provides the energy for active transport

Why do cells lining the small intestine need active transport?

To ensure all glucose can be absorbed from food into the blood even when there is a higher concentration in the blood

Why do root hair cells need active transport?

To actively transport mineral ions that are in low concentration in the soil

What do plants need for healthy growth that is taken up by active transport?

Mineral ions

How do root hair cells provide the energy needed for active transport?

They have many mitochondria that provide energy from respiration

State one adaptation cells may have if they need to carry out active transport.

Lots of mitochondria to release energy from respiration

Give an example of active transport in plants.

Root hair cells absorbing mineral ions from soil

Give an example of active transport in animals.

Cells in the small intestine absorbing glucose into the blood

What is the main difference of active transport compared to diffusion and osmosis?

Active transport requires energy the others do not

State two differences between diffusion and osmosis.

Diffusion: Any particles, does not need a membrane; Osmosis: Water molecules only, needs apartially permeable membrane