INCOSE Chapter 4

Tailoring Process

Adapt the processes to ensure that they meet the needs of an organization or a project while being scaled to the level of rigor that allows the system life cycle activities to be performed with an acceptable level of risk.

What are the tailoring traps?

• Reuse of a tailored baseline from another system

• Using all processes and activities just to be safe

• Assuming there is a single set of measures, risks, or other controls that apply to all projects

• Using pre-established tailored baseline

• Failure to include relevant stake holders

Optimal SE Application occurs when?

12% - 17% of total LCC

Leidos Tailor Project Baselines

• Project Management Process Category

• Supplier Management Process Category

• Configuration Management Process Category

• Quality Management Process Category

• Casual Analysis and Resolution Process

MBSE

Formalized application of modelling to support system requirements, design, analysis, verification, and validation activities beginning in the concept stage and continuing through development and later life cycle stage.

The three pillars of MBSE are?

• Language: Syntax specification

• Tool: Implementation of language

• Method: Implemenation of tool

Agile Systems-Engineering

Principle-based approach for designing, building, sustaining, and evolving systems when knowledge is uncertain, or environments and dynamic.

• Contrasted to Sequential life cycle approach

• Almost all implement evolutionary or incremental approaches.

Lean SE

Application of lean thinking to SE and related aspects of organization and project management.

Lean Thinking

Holistic paradigm that focuses on delivering maximum value to the customer and minimizing waste.

Value

In Lean SE, defined simply as successful mission delivery with flawless technical performance during the product or mission deployment cycle that is satisfactory to all stakeholders.

Waste

The work element that adds no value to the product or service in the eyes of the customer

Creating value without waste

• Value Principle: Promotes a robust process of establishing the value of the system to the customer with crustal clarity early in the project

• Value Stream Principle: Emphasizes detailed project planning and waste-preventing measures, solid preparation of the personnel and process for efficient workflow, and healthy stakeholder relationships, and use of leading indicators and quality measures.

Flow Principle

Promotes the uninterrupted flow of robust quality work and first-time right products and processes, broad steady competence instead of hero behavior in crises, excellent communication/coordination, concurrency, and transparency/

Pull Principle

Powerful guard against the waste of rework and overproduction.

Perfection Principle

Promotes excellence in the SE and organization process, utilization of the wealth of lessons learned from previous projects into the current project, the development of perfect collaboration policy across people and processes and driving out waste through standardization and continuous improvement.

Product Line Engineering

Provides models, tools, and methods for holistic engineering of system families.

Feature Catalogue

Captures a formal model of the distinguishing characteristics about how the members of the system family differ from each other and provides a common language and a single authoritative source of truth about variation throughout the organization.

Bill of Features

Specifies the features selected from the Feature Catalogue for each system in a system family catalogue

Product Line

A family of similar systems with variation in features and functions

Shared Asset Supersets

Engineering artifacts that support the creation, design, implementation, deployment, and operation of a system in a system family.

PLE Factory Configurator

An automaton that applies Bill-of-Features for a system to each variation point in the Shared Asset Supersets, to determine ach variation point’s content for the system instance.

Product Asset Instances

Each contain only the shared asset content suited for that one system in the system family.

Greenfield SE

Involves systems that are new designs and have no, or limited, legacy systems constraints, other than system interfaces.

Brownfield SE (Legacy SE)

Involves significant modifications, extensors or replacement of an existing “as is” system in an existed environment to an updated “to be” system.

Software Intensive System

Any system where software contributes essential influences on the design, construction, development, and evolution of the system as a whole.

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)

Integration of physical and cyber processes in which the software monitors and controls the physical processes and is, in turn, affected by them.

Digital Twin

Digital surrogate that is a dynamic physic-based description of physical assets, processes, people, places, systems and devices that can be used for various purposes.

System of Systems (SoS)

A set of system elements that interact to provide a unique capability that none of the constituent systems can interaction in its own.

Prediction

Predict response to future values of the input variables.

Estimation

Infer how response variables are associated with input variables.

Explanation

Understand the relative contribution of input variables to response values.

Service

A mechanism to enable access to one or more capabilities, where the access is provided using a prescribed interface and is exercised consistently with constraints and polices as specified by the service description.