Exam 3 Content - Sensory Perception

How can family be involved in the care of patients with sensory disabilities?

Involve them in teaching communication methods and safety precautions.

How can you assist patients with partial vision?

Provide bright, non-glaring light and use contrasting colors for safety.

How do hearing aids assist patients?

They amplify sound for conductive or mild sensorineural loss.

How is bacterial conjunctivitis treated?

With antibiotic drops or ointment.

What are adaptive techniques for daily living in sensory-impaired patients?

Using talking devices, tactile markings, or mobility canes.

What are common causes of eye disorders?

Aging, trauma, congenital defects, infections, and chronic diseases.

What are common external ear disorders?

Impacted cerumen, otitis externa, and trauma.

What are sensory impairments?

A decrease or loss of sight, hearing, smell, taste, or touch that can affect safety, communication, and quality of life.

What are some care tips for hearing aids?

Turn off when not in use, keep dry, replace batteries regularly, and start with low volume.

What are some safety considerations for patients with sensory loss?

Remove hazards, use nonskid shoes, and ensure good lighting.

What are the effects of sensory deprivation?

Boredom, confusion, or depression; meaningful stimulation should be provided.

What are the risk factors for developing cataracts?

Aging, diabetes, UV exposure, and corticosteroid use.

What are the symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma?

Severe eye pain, halos around lights, nausea, and blurred vision.

What are the symptoms of cataracts?

Blurred vision, glare sensitivity, and reduced color perception.

What are the symptoms of retinal detachment?

Sudden vision changes such as flashes of light, floaters, or a curtain across vision.

What are the two main types of glaucoma?

Open-angle (chronic) and angle-closure (acute) glaucoma.

What are the two main types of hearing loss?

Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.

What are the two types of macular degeneration?

Dry (gradual breakdown of macular tissue) and wet (abnormal blood vessels leak under the retina).

What causes conductive hearing loss?

Obstruction or damage in the outer or middle ear, such as cerumen, otitis media, or perforated eardrum.

What causes sensorineural hearing loss?

Damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve from aging, noise exposure, or ototoxic drugs.

What communication methods can be used for patients with total hearing loss?

Sign language, written communication, or picture boards.

What communication strategies can help patients with hearing loss?

Encourage face-to-face communication, speak slowly and clearly, and reduce background noise.

What is conjunctivitis?

Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria, viruses, or allergens, resulting in redness, drainage, itching, and crusting of eyelids.

What is diabetic retinopathy?

Damage to retinal vessels due to chronic hyperglycemia, leading to vision loss.

What is glaucoma?

Increased intraocular pressure leading to optic nerve damage and vision loss.

What is labyrinthitis?

An inflammation of the inner ear often caused by infection, leading to vertigo and hearing loss.

What is macular degeneration?

Damage to the macula resulting in loss of central vision.

What is Meniere's disease?

A disorder caused by excess fluid in the inner ear leading to vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss.

What is otitis externa?

An infection of the external ear canal characterized by pain, redness, drainage, and tenderness.

What is peripheral neuropathy?

A condition often resulting from diabetes or chemotherapy, leading to numbness and loss of protective sensation.

What is presbycusis?

Age-related hearing loss due to degeneration of hair cells and nerve pathways.

What is the primary focus of nursing care for patients with eye disorders?

Maintaining safety, maximizing remaining function, and promoting independence.

What is the primary focus of nursing care for patients with sensory disabilities?

Maintaining dignity, safety, and optimal functioning.

What is the purpose of cochlear implants?

To provide direct electrical stimulation to the auditory nerve for severe sensorineural hearing loss.

What is the role of emotional support for patients with sensory disabilities?

To help cope with frustration, isolation, and depression.

What is the treatment for cataracts?

Surgical removal of the cloudy lens with placement of an intraocular lens implant.

What is the treatment for eye trauma?

Immediate irrigation or medical care for chemical burns, foreign bodies, or blunt injuries.

What is the treatment for otitis media?

Oral or topical antibiotics, antipyretics, and possibly myringotomy for recurrent infections.

What management strategies are used for glaucoma?

Lowering intraocular pressure with medications such as beta blockers and prostaglandin analogs, or surgical procedures like trabeculectomy.

What nursing interventions are important for stroke patients with unilateral neglect?

Place items on the unaffected side and remind them to turn toward the affected side.

What precautions should be taken after ear surgery?

Avoid coughing, sneezing, blowing the nose, or bending over to prevent pressure on the graft.

What safety measures should be taken for patients with balance problems?

Keep the bed low, assist with ambulation, and instruct to change positions slowly.

What should be done for patients experiencing sensory overload?

Reduce stimuli by dimming lights, limiting visitors, and clustering care.

What should be done for visually impaired patients?

Identify yourself, speak before touching, and orient them to the environment using the clock-face method.

What should be done when administering ophthalmic drops?

Wash hands, pull down the lower lid, apply drops to the conjunctival sac, and avoid touching the dropper tip to the eye.

What should patients avoid after cataract surgery?

Bending, coughing, or heavy lifting to prevent increased intraocular pressure.

What should patients on ototoxic medications report?

Tinnitus, dizziness, or hearing changes.