Respiratory System 1

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the respiratory system as introduced in the lecture by Dr. Grace Hogan.

What is the primary function of the nasal cavity in the respiratory system?

To warm and humidify inspired air and dehumidify expired air.

What are the components of the upper respiratory system?

Nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx.

What are the main components of the lower respiratory system?

Trachea, bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, and alveoli.

How does the respiratory system help in thermoregulation?

The nasal cavity warms and humidifies inspired air.

What role do cilia play in the respiratory system?

Cilia beat to move mucus towards the pharynx where it is swallowed or expelled.

What is the significance of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

Alveoli provide an extensive surface area for gas exchange.

What cell types are found in the alveoli and what are their functions?

Type I pneumocytes (gas exchange) and Type II pneumocytes (secrete surfactant).

What is the function of the larynx?

The larynx, or voice box, is responsible for producing sound.

What does the respiratory defense system consist of?

Nose hairs, mucus, cilia, and immune cells that help trap and eliminate particles and pathogens.

Describe the histological differences in the mucosa of the trachea and bronchioles.

Trachea has ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells, whereas bronchioles have simple cuboidal epithelium with few goblet cells.