Week 6- DMS 241 High Resolution Scanning

depth of the bone is usually __________cm?

4-5

to assess a fracture the TDR should be positioned ______________ to the fracture line at the AOC

orthogonally

normal appearance of cortex

very bright linear structure with hypoechoic shadowing posterior to the bone

periosteum

exterior surface of bone

what are the two layers of the periosteum

outer fibrous

inner cellular/vascular

how can you identify a fracture?

disruption of the periosteum line

"double line sign"

what are some associated findings of a fracture?

edema

hemorrhage

mixed echogenicity of surrounding tissue

granuloma

mass that usually contains macrophages and fibroblasts and forms as a result of inflammation

high res TDR is ___________ MHz

7-12

which setting should you turn OFF when localizing a superficial lesion?

beam steering

harmonics

which setting should you turn ON when localizing a superficial lesion?

speckle reduction

color and power doppler

which three categories can we separate foreign bodies into?

organic

inorganic

metallic

organic foreign bodies

plant material

animal products

___________ foreign bodies are easier to see on sonography than radiography

organic

inorganic foreign bodies

glass, gravel, plastic, pencil lead

not all types of glass can be seen with _____________________

radiography

metallic foreign bodies

wire, needle, fish hook

metallic foreign bodies are seen well with sonography and radiography

true

__________________ is the most used modality used to demonstrate foreign bodies

X-ray

__________ is the gold standard for detecting metallic and nonmetallic foreign bodies

CT

____________ is best in detailing tissue inflammation reactions

MRI

acute phase of foreign bodies

less than 3 days ago

appearance of acute phase foreign bodies

bright

echogenic

shadowing

inflammation

pitfall

enough air in the wound to obscure visualization of a FB

intermediate phase foreign bodies

injury withing 3-10 days

appearance of intermediate phase foreign bodies

fluid

more prominent halo

chronic phase foreign bodies

injury more than 10 days ago

appearance of chronic phase foreign bodies

granular material encapsulating FB

clean shadowing

easier to palp

hypoechoic halo around a FB indicates

edema

appearance of wood on US

hyperechoic

may become isoechoic

posterior shadow

appearance of glass of US

hyperechoic

bright

posterior shadowing

comet tail

scattering

appearance of plastic on US

hyperechoic

posterior shadow

appearance of metal on US

hyperechoic

bright

posterior shadow

comet tail

appearance of glass and metal on X-ray

radiopaque

appearance of wood and plastic on X-ray

radiolucent/undetectable

acute osteomyelitis

acute infection/inflammation of bone and bone marrow prior to treatment less than 2 weeks

chronic osteomyelitis

duration of infection before treatment is more than 3 months

what is the most affected site of osteomyelitis?

metaphysis

sonographic criteria if osteomyelitis:

fluid collection around bone

periosteal thickening

increased vasc

priapism

painful and prolonged penile erection

RI will be ______________ with low-flow priapism

increased

low- flow priapism is a urologic emergency due to inadequate _______________

venous drainage

high-flow priapism is not considered an emergency

true

high-flow priapism is associated with:

blunt trauma to penis with laceration of cavernous artery

flow pattern of non erect penis

low systolic velocities and absent diastolic flow

flow pattern of erect penis

systolic and diastolic peaks will increase

A _____________________ may be used as a stand off device to image superficial structures such as the finger

water bath

triangulate

using multiple planes/modalities to prove there is pathology present