Chapter 1 & 2 Exam Prep

$$CO_3^-2$$

Carbonate

$$CRO_4^-2$$

Chromate

$$SO_4^-2$$

Sulfate

$$PO_3^-3$$

Phosphite

$$NH_4^+$$

Ammonium

$$PO_4^-3$$

Phosphate

$$CN^-$$

Cyanide

$$SO_3^-2$$

Sulfite

$$C_2H_3O_2^-

Acetate

$$OH^-$$

Hydroxide

$$ClO_4^-$$

Perchlorate

$$ClO_3^-$$

Chlorate

$$ClO_2^-$$

Chlorite

$$ClO^-$$

Hypochlorite

$$NO_3^-$$

Nitrate

$$NO_2^-$$

Nitrite

$$H^-$$

Hydride

$$F^-$$

Fluoride

$$Cl^-$$

Chloride

$$Br^-$$

Bromide

$$I^-$$

Iodine

$$MnO_4^-$$

Permanganate

$$O^-2$$

Oxide

$$O_2^-2$$

Peroxide

$$S^-2$$

Sulfide

$$N^-3$$

Nitride

$$Cr_2O_7^-2$$

dichromate

Naming molecular compounds

• 2 non-metals

• Prefix + name of nonmetal

• Prefix + non-metal ending in -ide

Naming ionic compounds with transition metal and polyatomic ion

• name of transition metal

• Roman numeral

• Polyatomic ion

Naming ionic compounds with polyatomic ions

• name of metal

• Polyatomic ion

• End in ate/ite (in most cases)

Naming ionic compounds with transition metal

• name of transition metal

• Roman numeral

• Non-metal ending in -ide

Ionic compound without transition metal

Ends in -ide

When naming acids -ide—>

hydro___ic acid

When naming acids -ate—>

-ic acid

When naming acids -ite—>

-ous acid

Mixtures

Exhibit the properties of the substances that make them (homogeneous and heterogeneous)

Heterogeneous mixture

Vary in in composition throughout a sample

Homogeneous mixture

Same composition throughout a sample (aka a solution)

Substance

Distinct properties and composition that does not vary from sample to sample (elements & compounds)

Compound

Substance that CAN be decomposed to simpler substances (made up of more than one element)

Element

substance which can NOT be decomposed to simpler substances

Cations vs anions

Cations: positive charge, made by metals

Anions: negative charge, mostly made by nonmetals

Matter

Anything that has mass + takes up space

• solid

• Liquid

• Gas

Intensive property

Independent of the amount of substance present

• boiling point, color, temp, luster, hardness, density

Extensive property

Depend on amount of substance present

• volume, mass, size, weight, length

Physical change

Do not change the substance

• boiling water

Chemical change

Result in a new substance

• rusting iron

Energy

Capacity to do work or transfer heat

Heat

Flow of energy that causes increase in temp.

Work

Transfer of energy when force is used (causing displacement)

Force

Push/pull on an object

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion

• KE=1/2mv²

Potential energy

Stored energy

Celsius, Kelvin, Farenheit equations

• K=C+273.15

• F=C(9/5)+32

• C=(F-32)(5/9)

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