CP Chemistry Semester 2 Final Review

Flashcards covering formula writing, stoichiometry, gas laws, thermodynamics, acids and bases, and nuclear chemistry.

What is Avogadro's number?

6.02 x 10^23

What is standard volume in liters?

22.4 L (at STP)

What is Boyle's Law?

P1V1 = P2V2; Pressure and volume are inversely related

What is Gay-Lussac's Law?

P1/T1 = P2/T2; Pressure and temperature are directly related

What is Charles' Law?

V1/T1 = V2/T2; Volume and temperature are directly related

What is the ideal gas law equation?

PV = nRT

What is absolute zero in Kelvin and Celsius?

0 K or -273 °C

What is standard temperature in Celsius and Kelvin?

0 °C or 273 K

What happens to the temperature of a test tube during an exothermic reaction?

It heats up.

What happens to the temperature of a test tube during an endothermic reaction?

It cools down.

List four properties of an acid.

Sour taste, pH < 7, turns litmus red, colorless in phenolphthalein, not slippery, donates H+

List four properties of a base.

Bitter taste, pH > 7, turns litmus blue, pink in phenolphthalein, slippery, accepts H+

What two things do acids and bases produce?

Salt and water

What is produced when an acid plus a metal reacts?

Salt and hydrogen gas

What ions are produced when HCl ionizes in water?

H+ and Cl-

What ions are produced when a base dissolves in water?

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

What are three variables that one need to consider regarding radiation damage?

Dose (quantity), Exposure Time, Area Exposed, Tissue Type

What is half-life?

The amount of time it takes for half a sample to decay

What is the difference between fission and fusion?

Fission is the splitting of a large isotope into smaller isotopes, while fusion is the combining of two small isotopes into a larger isotope.

Where does radon gas come from?

The natural breakdown of radioactive material in the soil (such as uranium and thorium).