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Memory
Persistence of learning over time.
Encoding
Initial process of transforming information.
Storage
Maintaining encoded information over time.
Retrieval
Accessing stored information when needed.
Hippocampus
Brain region crucial for forming memories.
Forgetting
Inability to retrieve previously learned information.
Recall
Retrieving information without cues.
Recognition
Identifying previously learned information.
Relearning
Learning information again after forgetting.
Savings in Relearning
Learning faster upon second exposure.
Distributed Practice
Studying over multiple sessions for better retention.
Cognitive Psychology
Study of mental processes including memory.
Memory Models
Theoretical frameworks explaining memory processes.
Internal Representation
Mental depiction of experiences or events.
Chunks of Information
Units that represent knowledge in memory.
Learning Strategies
Techniques to enhance information retention.
Test Types
Different formats for assessing memory (e.g., essay, multiple choice).
Fill in the Blank Test
Requires recall of specific information.
Short Answer Test
Involves retrieving concise information.
Essay Question Test
Requires comprehensive recall and organization.
Multiple Choice Test
Involves recognition of correct answers.
Biological Basis of Memory
Neuroscience underlying memory functions.
Memory Limitations
Constraints affecting information retention.
Effective Learning
Strategies that improve understanding and recall.
Memory Research
Scientific study of memory mechanisms.
Phenomena of Forgetting
Processes explaining why we forget.
Conscious Awareness
State of being aware of information.
Experience Representation
How experiences are encoded in memory.
Atkinson Shiffrin Model
A three-stage model of memory processing.
Encoding
Process of getting information into memory.
Storage
Retention of encoded information over time.
Retrieval
Process of accessing stored information.
Sensory Memory
Initial storage for sensory information.
Sensory Register
Another term for sensory memory.
Capacity of Sensory Memory
Extremely large but short duration.
Duration of Visual Memory
Approximately half a second.
Duration of Auditory Memory
Two to four seconds.
Short Term Memory
Active processing stage for information.
Long Term Memory
Storage for information over extended periods.
Memory Formation
Translating information into neural codes.
Memory Retrieval
Accessing previously learned knowledge.
Memory Models
Theories explaining memory formation and retrieval.
Cognitive Psychology
Study of mental processes like memory.
Memory Phenomena
Observed behaviors related to memory.
Memory Tweaks
Modifications made to existing memory models.
Neural Codes
Brain's representation of stored information.
Information Processing
How information is handled in memory.
Multiple Choice Test
Example of memory retrieval in action.
Stimulus
Environmental input processed by memory.
Memory Stages
Three distinct phases of memory processing.
Memory Capacity
Amount of information memory can hold.
Memory Duration
Length of time information is retained.
Memory Recovery
Recollection of stored information.
Cognitive Models
Frameworks for understanding mental processes.
Historical Models
Older models still relevant in psychology.
Information Transfer
Movement of data between memory stages.
Working Memory
Active process for temporary information storage.
Long Term Memory
Relatively permanent storage of information.
Maintenance Rehearsal
Repeating information to keep it in mind.
Sensory Memory
Brief storage of sensory information.
Automatic Processing
Unconscious encoding of information into memory.
Attention
Conscious focus needed for memory transfer.
Encoding
Active process of converting information for storage.
Memory Fallibility
Memory can be inaccurate and forgetful.
Sensory Register
Initial stage of memory holding sensory data.
Capacity of Sensory Memory
Extremely large, but brief retention of data.
Information Loss
Data not transferred is permanently forgotten.
Retrieval Issues
Challenges in accessing stored long term memories.
Memory as Wikipedia
Memory is updated and influenced over time.
Internal Influences
Personal states affecting memory retrieval.
External Influences
Environmental factors impacting memory recall.
Sensory Information
Data from senses stored briefly in memory.
Conscious Awareness
Awareness necessary for active encoding processes.
Information Transfer
Movement of data between memory types.
Memory System
Framework for processing and storing information.
Short Term Memory
Temporary storage before information reaches long term.
Memory Retrieval
Accessing stored information when needed.
Sensory Data Duration
Lasts only a few seconds in memory.
Memory Interpretation
Understanding information during the encoding process.
Conscious Encoding
Deliberate effort to store information.
Memory Updates
Changes to memory with each retrieval.
Eyewitness Memory
Subject to inaccuracies and external influences.
Memory Experience
Involves hearing, seeing, feeling, and experiencing.
Memory Loss
Inevitability of forgetting information over time.
Sensory Memory
Initial stage capturing sensory information briefly.
Short Term Memory
Activated memory for a few items temporarily.
Working Memory
Another term for short term memory.
Iconic Memory
Visual sensory memory lasting tenths of a second.
Echoic Memory
Auditory sensory memory lasting longer than iconic.
Sperling's Experiment
Study demonstrating fleeting nature of sensory memory.
Miller's Magic Number
Capacity of short term memory is 7±2 items.
Attention
Focus necessary for transferring information to memory.
Memory Decay
Fading of memory over time without rehearsal.
Acoic Memory
Fleeting memory for auditory stimuli.
Visual Stimuli
Information perceived through sight.
Auditory Stimuli
Information perceived through sound.
Retention
Holding information in memory over time.
Recall
Retrieving information from memory.
Memory Capacity
Amount of information that can be stored.
Fleeting Memory
Very brief retention of sensory information.
