pharm 111 ex 1

The characteristic structure of a biological membrane with its polar and nonpolar bilayer

arrangement derives directly from what type of chemical constituent?

A. Na+/K+-ATPase transporters

B. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)

C. Cholesterol

D. β-arrestin

B. Phosphatidylcholine (PC)

Solute transport across the membrane bilayer is an essential property of all biological

membranes. Identify the key class of proteins that regulate solute transport functions

A. Peripheral membrane proteins

B. Proteins of the nuclear receptor family

C. Integral membrane proteins

D. G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)

C. Integral membrane proteins

The type of solute transport that requires energy input to move a solute “uphill” against a

concentration gradient is:

A. Active

B. Diffusion

C. Ion “leak” channel flux

D. Release of Mg2+ block

A. Active

A 10 millivolt (mV) hyperpolarization to -80 mV on a neuron’s cell membrane will rapidly come

back to the resting potential of -70 mV due to what response

A. K+ ion efflux

B. K+ ion influx

C. Na+ ion efflux

D. Na+/K+-ATPase K+ uptake

B. K+ ion influx

Neurons use ion gradients created by the Na+/K+-ATPase to achieve rapid signaling needs. What other critical neuronal function is directly linked to Na+/K+-ATPase generated ion gradients?

A. Control the GTP bound state of G

B. Perform solute transport work

C. Control vesicle trafficking to the plasma membrane

D. Regulates the interval of GPCR bound -arrestin

B. Perform solute transport work

Which glutamate ionotropic receptor serves as a Ca2+ ion channel when a neuron’s

membrane is depolarized and Mg2+ ions are removed from the ion conduction pore?

A. AMPARs

B. mGluRs

C. NMDARs

D. GABARs

C. NMDARs

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit their activated ligand bound state to G

proteins by:

A. Phosphorylation on the C terminal tails of the G protein

B. Promoting exchange of GDP for GTP

C. Promoting exchange of AMP for cAMP

D. Inducing ATP hydrolysis on the G protein  subunit

B. Promoting exchange of GDP for GTP

A GPCR that signals via increasing cAMP levels will utilize which pathway components

A. PKC

B. Phospholipase Cβ

C. Adenylate cyclase

D. Ras

C. Adenylate cyclase

Identify the signal in the GPCR pathway that activates Ca2+ influx via store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels

A. Depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ levels

B. Increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels

C. Production of IP3

D. Production of DAG

A. Depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ levels

Which G protein activated pathway is coupled to both the a2 adrenergic and the M2

muscarinic GPCRs

A. Gq

B. Gs

C. Gi

D. GRK

C. Gi

The protein in the GPCR pathway with dual functions, both as a mediator of receptor

desensitization as well as a scaffold protein for the initiation of G protein-independent signaling

pathways

A. PLC B

B. B -Arrestin

C. GRK

D. B ARK

B. B -Arrestin

GPCRs may signal using a “biased agonism” mechanism, referring to the idea that the receptor

A. preferentially activates the Ca2+ pathway relative to the cAMP pathway

B. preferentially activates G protein pathways relative to the B-Arrestin pathway

C. preferentially activates gene expression relative to ion channel activation

D. preferentially activates G By induced signals relative to G a induced signals

preferentially activates G protein pathways relative to the B-Arrestin pathway

What is the correct sequence of events listed below that describes activation and signal

transduction by tyrosine kinase receptors (TKRs)

A. TKR autophosphorylation, Ras, adaptor protein, GEF, MAPK, MEK, Raf

B. TKR autophosphorylation, GEF, adaptor protein, Ras, Raf, MAPK, MEK

C. TKR autophosphorylation, adaptor protein, GEF, Ras, Raf, MEK, MAPK

D. TKR autophosphorylation, adaptor protein, Ras, GEF, Raf, MEK, MAPK

C. TKR autophosphorylation, adaptor protein, GEF, Ras, Raf, MEK, MAPK

The rapid depolarization of the axon membrane to +20 mV due to NaV channel activation

initiates what subsequent response

A. Na+ levels increase and block the NMDAR channel pore

B. NaV channels become inactivated

C. KV channels open

D. Both B & C

D. Both B & C

The relative refractory period of an axon membrane is produced by

A. an inability to stimulate an action potential due to NaV channel inactivation

B. roughly 10 mV hyperpolarization due to slow closing of KV channels

C. a large 100 mV depolarization due to the slow closing of NaV channels

D. the length of time required for -arrestin to return NaV channels to the plasma membrane

B. roughly 10 mV hyperpolarization due to slow closing of KV channels

What protein serves as the Ca2+ sensor of the SNARE complex allowing synaptic vesicle

trafficking and docking to the synaptic terminal membrane

A. IP3 receptor

B. SOC channel

C. Synaptotagmin

D. Synaptofusin

C. Synaptotagmin

Identify the neurotransmitter that acts as a direct excitatory signal via its actions to stimulate

neuron membrane depolarization

A. Acetylcholine

B. GABA

C. Glutamate

D. Both A & C

D. Both A & C

The action potential activates what key ion channel in the synaptic terminal to stimulate

neurotransmitter secretion?

A. NMDA Ca2+ channels

B. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

C. Voltage-gated Na+ channels

D. Nicotinic Acetylcholine Ca2+ channels

B. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

Axons that can mediate saltatory action potential conduction are characterized by

A. A high degree of myelination of the axon fiber

B. A low degree of myelination of the axon fiber

C. The absence of K+ leak channel expression

D. The unique expression of highly active Na+ channels

A. A high degree of myelination of the axon fiber

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a type of postsynaptic modulation associated with increased

glutamate sensitivity due to increased expression of what ion channel

A. NMDA receptors

B. AMPA receptors

C. Metabotropic glutamate receptors

D. GABA receptors

B. AMPA receptors