LBYBIO3 [LECTURE] Circulatory and Nervous System

For the 5th Exam in Comparative Anatomy Laboratory

circulatory / cardiovascular system

Transport nutrients, gases, hormones, and metabolic wastes to and from the individual cells of an organism.

circulatory / cardiovascular system

Highly branched, organized network of vessels that spreads throughout the entire organism.

circulatory / cardiovascular system

Contains a series of vessels that diverge from the heart (arteries) to supply blood to the tissues, as well as a confluence of vessels draining blood from the tissues (veins) and returning it to the heart.

heart (arteries)

Contains a series of vessels that diverge from the ______ ( ______) to supply blood to the tissues, as well as a confluence of vessels draining blood from the tissues (veins) and returning it to the heart.

tissues (veins)

Contains a series of vessels that diverge from the heart (arteries) to supply blood to the tissues, as well as a confluence of vessels draining blood from the _______ (______) and returning it to the heart.

atrium

entire open space (actual chamber) inside that collects the blood

auricle

small, outer, flap-like region that covers a portion of the atrial chamber

auricle

ear-shaped lobe of the heart

four

mammals posses a ___-chambered heart

pulmonary and systemic circuit

Mammals possess a four-chambered heart through ______ and ______

pulmonary circuit

from the heart to the lungs and back

systemic circuit

from the heart to the rest of the body and back

ventricles

caudal 2 large thick-walled ______: right and left

interventricular sulcus

superficial separation “shallow groove” in ventricles

interventricular sulcus

division between ventricles and aorta of the heart

interventricular sulcus

a septum that separates right from left ventricles

right and left auricles

cranial to ventricles, darker in color

right and left auricles

receive blood from the body and the lungs, and pass it to ventricles

right and left vena cava

large veins entering the heart; do NOT fuse together, and enter the right atrium separately

external jugular vein

large, found in the most superficial muscle of the ventral surface of the neck

transverse vein

vein that connects the external jugular veins across the ventral side of the throat

diaphragm

organ being supplied or drained by phrenic artery

postcaval vein

large vein that enters the right auricle of the heart and passes posteriorly in the thorax, supported by the caval fold

inferior mesenteric vein

passes along and collects blood from the descending colon and rectum

renal vein

large vein that branches from the postcava and collects blood from the kidney

brachiocephalic

known as innominate vein

aortic arch

attached to the chamber of the left ventricle

aortic arch

sole exit of the left ventricle

dorsal aorta

one of the two mammalian arteries that represent the conus arteriosus (narrow tube distributing blood)

pericardium

transparent membrane providing  protection and moisture to the heart

tricuspid valve

atrioventricular valve found at the junction of the right auricle and ventricle of the heart (thread-like in structure)

tricuspid valve

guards the right auriculoventricular openings

mitral valve

atrioventricular valve found at the junction of the left auricle and ventricle of the heart

chordae tendineae

a bit thicker than the tricuspid valve thread-like structure (also called “heartstrings”)

chordae tendineae

the fibrous cords that anchor the heart's atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and mitral) to the papillary muscles in the ventricles

coronary veins

responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from the myocardium into the cardiac chambers

right atrium

largest receiving chamber of the heart

left ventricle

large pumping chamber of the heart

atrioventricular junction

separates the left atrium and right ventricle

pulmonary artery

a large artery that extends anteriorly from the base of the ventricles and continuing forward between two auricles

pancreatico-duodenal vein

collects deoxygenated blood from the Pancreas and duodenum

right gastro-epiploic vein

collects deoxygenated blood from the Pyloric region of the stomach and omentum

splenic vein

collects deoxygenated blood from the Spleen

inferior mesenteric vein

collects deoxygenated blood from the Descending colon and rectum

intestinal vein

collects deoxygenated blood from the Greater part of the small intestine

appendicular vein

collects deoxygenated blood from the Appendix

anterior ileocecal vein

collects deoxygenated blood from the Sacculus rotundus

coronary veins

collects deoxygenated blood from the Heart wall

intercostal vein

collects deoxygenated blood from the Ribs

subclavian vein

collects deoxygenated blood from the Forelimb

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

left ventricle

pumps blood to the different parts of the body

external maxillary artery

artery that supplies the ventral border of the masseter

ovarian artery

artery that supplies the gonads

intercostal arteries

arteries that supplies the posterior margin of the ribs

subclavian artery

artery that supply the head and neck

auricular artery

artery that supply the external ear

12

number of cranial nerves

nose

sensory of Olfactory (I)

sensory fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Olfactory (I) has?

eye

sensory of Optic (II)

sensory fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Optic (II) has?

all eye muscles except those supplied by Trochlear (IV) and Abducens (VI)

motor of Oculomotor (III)

motor fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Oculomotor (III) has?

superior oblique muscle

motor of Trochlear (IV)

motor fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Trochlear (IV) has?

face, sinuses, teeth, etc.

sensory of Trigeminal (V)

muscles of mastication

motor of Trigeminal (V)

sensory and motor fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Trigeminal (V) has?

lateral rectus muscle

motor of Abducens (VI)

motor fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Abducens (VI) has?

muscles of the face

motor of Facial (VII)

sensory and motor fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Facial (VII) has?

inner ear

sensory of Vestibulocochlear (VIII) or auditory

sensory fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Vestibulocochlear (VIII) or auditory has?

pharyngeal musculature

motor of Glossopharyngeal (IX)

posterior part of tongue, tonsil, pharynx

sensory of Glossopharyngeal (IX)

sensory and motor fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Glossopharyngeal (IX) has?

heart, lungs, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract

motor of Vagus (X)

heart, lungs, bronchi, trachea, larynx, pharynx, gastrointestinal tract, external ear

sensory of Vagus (X)

sensory and motor fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Vagus (X) has?

sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

motor of Accessory (XI)

motor fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Accessory (XI) has?

muscles of the tongue

motor of Hypoglossal (XII)

motor fibers

what fiber(s) does the cranial nerve Hypoglossal (XII) has?

"Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet, Ah, Heaven"

Mnemonics for memorizing Cranial Nerves

"Some say marry money, but my brother says big brains matter most"

Mnemonics for determining if Sensory, Motor, or Both

smell

Olfactory (I)

visual activity

Optic (II)

eye movement and pupil dilation

Oculomotor (III)

vertical eye movement

Trochlear (IV)

s: facial sensation and m: facial expression

Trigeminal (V)

lateral movement of eyeballs

Abducens (VI)

s: taste and m: facial expression

Facial (VII)

hearing and balance

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

s: taste and m: swallowing

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

s: sensation in throat and visceral muscles and m: vocal cords, peristalsis

Vagus (X)

head and shoulder movement

Accessory (XI)

tongue movement

Hypoglossal (XII)