Chapter_6

Hue

The wavelength of light, which determines the color that we perceive.

Brightness

The intensity of light, which affects the lightness or darkness of the perceived color.

Saturation

The relative purity of light, affecting the vividness of color.

Sensation

The act of detecting an external stimulus.

Perception

The organization and interpretation of sensations.

Transduction

The process of changing an external stimulus into neural signals.

Photoreceptors

Specialized neurons that convert light energy into neural signals for vision.

Cornea

The outer transparent layer of the eye that bends light.

Iris

The colored part of the eye that contains muscles to control the size of the pupil.

Pupil

The opening in the iris that allows light to enter the eye.

Lens

A transparent structure in the eye that focuses light onto the retina.

Retina

The layer at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptors and processes visual information.

Fovea

The center of the retina, rich in cones and responsible for the best visual acuity.

Optic Disk

The 'blind spot' in the retina where the optic nerve exits the eye.

Cones

Photoreceptors responsible for color vision and high acuity under bright light conditions.

Rods

Photoreceptors that are sensitive to low levels of light and provide night vision.

Ganglion Cells

Neurons that receive input from photoreceptors and send visual information to the brain via the optic nerve.

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN)

A part of the thalamus that processes visual information received from the optic nerve.

Dorsal Stream

The visual pathway that processes where an object is located and its motion.

Ventral Stream

The visual pathway that processes what an object is, including its color and form.

Visual Agnosia

An inability to recognize objects despite having normal visual acuity.

Akinetopsia

A condition where an individual cannot perceive motion in their visual field, often due to damage in the extrastriate cortex.

Depth Perception

The ability to perceive the distance and three-dimensional structure of objects.

Stereopsis

The perception of depth obtained from the combination of images from both eyes.

Color Constancy

The ability to perceive consistent colors in varying lighting conditions.

Cerebral Achromatopsia

Color blindness due to damage in the occipital lobe, affecting color processing.