American History Quiz 1

European Enlightenment

Intellectual movement that emphasized reason, science, and individual rights over blind faith and traditional authority

Democracy

A system of government where power belongs to the people, who rule either directly or through elected leaders

Consent of the Governed

Power From The People ; A government only has the right to rule if the people agree to it

Social Contract

People give up certain individual freedoms in exchange for safety, order, and protection from a government

John Locke’s Ideas

Natural Rights

Social Contract

Consent of the Governed

Religious Toleration

Right To Revolution

Baron De Montesquieu’s Ideas

Separation of Powers

Checks & Balances

Preservation of Political Liberty

Impact of English Magna Carta and Bill of Rights On Early American Documents

Foundational Blueprints for Early American Documents.

Magna Carta: Rule of Law. Due Process. Consent of Governed.

Bill of Rights: Individual Liberties. No Cruel Punishment. Limited Power

Examples Of Social Contracts

Obeying Traffic Laws: road systems are safe

Paying Taxes: Government funds schools, roads, & emergency services.

American Documents Influenced by European Enlightenment & English Bill of Rights

Dec. of Ind: Natural Rights ; Social Contract ; Consent of the Governed

U.S. Constitution: Separation of Powers

Specific Ways English Bill of Rights Influenced The First Amendment In The Bill Of Rights

Freedom of Speech & Debate

Right to Petition the Government

Rights Protected in the First Amendment in Bill of Rights

Freedom To Assemble & Petition

Freedom Of Speech, Religion, & The Press

3 Enlightenment Ideas That Inspired the American Revolution

Natural Rights

Social Contract

Separation Of Powers

Grievances Listed In The Declaration Of Independence

Taxation Without Consent

Dissolving Colonial Legislatures

Waging War Against Colonies

Keeping Standing Armies & Quartering Troops

Influence of the Declaration of Independence on the World

Establishing right of people overthrow oppressive government & inspiring worldwide movements for human rights and national self-determination

Powers Of Congress under Articles of Confederation

Foreign Affairs

Treaties

Maintain Military

Establish & Regulate Postal System

State Disputes

Why did Articles of Confederation establish a Weak Federal System

Colonists feared tyranny they had just escaped.

No power to Tax

No control over trade

No executive or judicial branches

Amendment Process

Rights Of The Accused

Constitutional & Legal protection for anyone charged with crime to ensure fair trial & protect individual liberties against government power

Impact of Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Created blueprint for governing western territories, admitting new states on equal footing, & banned slavery in the new territory

Limited Government

Political System where the governing’s body power is strictly restricted by law

Examples of Limited Government

U.S. Constitution

Checks & Balances

Separation of Powers

Purpose Of Federalists Papers

Persuade American Citizens vote in favor of newly proposed U.S. Constitution ; Stronger & More Balanced Government

Anti-Federalists Criticism of the U.S. Constitution

Feared powerful government would crush state authority and individual liberties

Major Disagreements between Federalists and Anti-Federalists

How strong government should be under U.S. Constitution

Federalist: No Bill of Rights. Want strong Central Gov. Separation of Powers. Checks & Balances

Anti-Federalists: Bill of Rights.Feared Strong National Gov. Against Separation of Powers & Checks and Balances

Why was the Bill Of Rights added to the U.S. Constitution

Protect individual liberties & limit power of government ; Prove Constitution would protect people from Gov. Abuse.

How U.S. Constitution resolve weakness of the Articles of Confederation

Creating stronger federal system with three separate branches to balance power, the power to tax, regulate trade, and enforce laws

Individual supported separation of powers to prevent one branch of government from becoming too powerful

Baron De Montesquieu

Individual believed that man was born with natural rights and that citizens have a right to overthrow a government who is not protecting their individual liberties

John Locke

This individual supported ideas such as free speech and religion, which are seen in the first amendment in the United States Bill of Rights.

Voltaire

This individual is known as the “Father of the U.S. Constitution”

James Madison

This Individual believed in abolishing cruel and unusual punishment and that citizens should have a right to a speed trial

Cesare Beccaria