Unit 4 - Imperalism

Specifically India

Imperialism

Both an ideology and a policy in which a stronger nation seeks to dominate otjer countrier politically, economically, and/or socially

Economic

Money! New buisness want more raw materials, more workers, and markets for their products - Capitalism

Militairy

Imperalists wanted naval bases, coaling station, and ports to support and protect their shipping

Political

Europeans wanted to perserve the balance of the power in Europe, so colonies were neccesary to keep up with rival empires - nationalism

Ideology

Ideas, belief system = Racism and Ethnocentrism; British believed they were better than Indians
- "White Man Burden" - Europeans felt a responsibility to "civilize" the rest of the world
- Social Darwin - only the "fittest" human race can survive
- Paternalism - govern in a "fatherly" way (treating colonized like children)

Religion

Missionaries wanted to convert natives, Christianity associated with "civilization", justify the conquest of heathens, believed they were saving them from their religion

Exploration

Europeans wanted to fill in the blank spot on the map and be the first to "disvocer" new places

Social

Government avoid social unrest within their countries, "dump" excess population, poor unemployed men would be sent to colonies as workers

E.M.P.I.R.E.S

What is the acroynm for motives/justifications?

Economic, Miltary, Political, Exploration, Social

What were the main motives?

Ideology and Religion

What were the main justifications?

"Heathens"

Non-christians - as believed by the British

Motive

A reason for doing something

Justification

An explanation as to why a certain action is acceptable

Nationalism

Identification with one's own nation and support for its interests

Ideology definition

Ideas of a race created in the 16 and 1700's to justify exploration and inequality (slavery). Now in is used to justify Imperalism

European Penal Colonies

Between 1788 and 1868, about 162,000 convicts were transported from Britain and Ireland to various penal colonies in Australia

Colony, Protectorate, Sphere of Influence, and Economic Imperialism

What forms of Imperalism existed in the new imperalism?

Colony

(Direct Control) A country or a region governed internally by a foreign power. Direct control = no self rule

Protectorate

(Indirect Control) A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power. Indirect Control limited self-rule, but there was some.

Sphere of Influence

An area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges.

Economic Imperalism

Country or culture controlled by a private business rather than by another government

Mughal Empire

Muslim Empire – leading power in India from 1500’s to early 1700’s. Cultural Achievment, Economic Success, and influenced by Muslims and Hindus.

Hindu

A follower of Hinduism, an Indian religion - cow is sacred

Muslims

A follower of the religion of Islam - explicity declared haram (forbidden)

Cash Crops

Cotton, Spices, Tea, Sugar, Indigo Dye ($$$)

Brighest Jewel in the Crown

India is referred to this name because it raised the most money for the British people, out of all their colonies

British East India Company (E.I.C)

Was a trading company that controlled much of India, including trade by taking over the ports. Grew with a lot of backing from capitalists

Joint Stock Companies

Private company, bought and sold luxury goods from Asia and Africa.

Sepoys

Indian Soldiers who originally staffed the British Private Army, but eventually revolted

The Great Rebellion

In 1857 it started as a mutiny by sepoys against their British commanders, the British East India Company went bankrupt fighting the rebellion.

British Raj

Was from 1857-1947, when the British Government took control of India from E.I.C. During this time, there was a very racist attitude, Indians lost power, famines spread, and Indian's were seen as "second class" citizens

Indian National Congress

Was one of the national groups that demanded more modernization, and a greater role in governing themselves (1835)

Muslim League

Was the other national group that demanded more modernization, and a greater role in governing themselves (1906)