period 4, unit 7,8,9

What were the MAIN causes of World War I?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.

M.a.i.n

What event sparked the beginning of World War I?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914

What is total war?

A war where nations devote all resources to the war effort, including civilian labor, rationing, and propaganda

What was the Treaty of Versailles

1919 treaty that ended WWI, blamed Germany, demanded reparations, and established the League of Nations.

What ideology did Lenin and the Bolsheviks establish in Russia after 1917

Communism

What were two causes of WWII?

Treaty of Versailles resentment and expansionism by Germany, Italy, and Japan

What was the Holocaust?

The genocide of 6 million Jews and millions of others by Nazi Germany during WWII.

What ended WWII in the Pacific?

The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945

What was the Cold War

An ideological conflict between the U.S. (capitalism) and USSR (communism), 1947–1991.

What is containment

U.S. policy to stop the spread of communism during the Cold War.

What were two Cold War proxy wars

Korean War and Vietnam War.

What caused the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991

Economic failure, military overreach, nationalism in Eastern Europe, and internal reforms (like Gorbachev’s).

What was the Non-Aligned Movement

A group of states (like India, Egypt) that didn’t align with the U.S. or USSR during the Cold War.

How did India gain independence

Through nonviolent resistance led by Gandhi; independence from Britain in 1947.

How did Algeria gain independence

Through violent revolt against French colonial rule.

What technological advances increased global interaction?

Internet, mobile phones, GPS, container shipping.

What are multinational corporations

Companies that operate in many countries, like Apple, Nike, McDonald’s

What is outsourcing?

Hiring workers in other countries to reduce costs, especially in manufacturing and services.

What was the HIV/AIDS crisis

A global epidemic beginning in the 1980s that disproportionately affected Africa and marginalized groups

What environmental challenges emerged in this period?

Climate change, deforestation, pollution, biodiversity loss

What is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A 1948 U.N. document establishing global human rights standards.

Name a 20th-century civil rights leader

Martin Luther King Jr. (U.S.), Nelson Mandela (South Africa).