NPTE Final Frontier: Non-Systems Overview and Practice

Non-Systems

Categories of questions related to physical therapy that do not fall under specific systems.

Equipment, Devices, & Technologies

Assistive devices and technologies, prosthetic devices and technologies, protective, supportive, and orthotic devices and technologies.

Therapeutic Modalities

Thermal modalities, iontophoresis, electrotherapy, ultrasound, phonophoresis, mechanical modalities, biofeedback, intermittent compression.

Safety & Protection

Safety and injury prevention, lines, tubes, catheters, monitoring devices, mechanical ventilation/oxygen delivery, emergency preparedness, infection control, signs and symptoms of abuse and neglect.

Professional Responsibilities

Documentations, patient/client rights, legal issues, roles and responsibilities, ethics, billing, coding, reimbursement, laws and regulations, risk management and quality assurance, cultural, socioeconomic factors in patient care, health information technology, telehealth.

Research and Evidence Based Practice

Research methods and interpretation, data collection, measurements, accessing evidence, statistics.

Patient Rights

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) ensures patient's right to continuity in healthcare.

HIPAA

Privacy and security of healthcare records, maintaining patient confidentiality in all forms, and requiring written consent before disclosing personal health information.

Core Values

Altruism, autonomy, professional judgment, and beneficence as guiding principles for physical therapists.

Altruism

PT shall adhere to the core values of the profession and act in the best interest of the patients over PT's interest.

Autonomy

PT shall provide all necessary information to allow patients to make informed decisions about care.

Professional Judgment

PT shall be accountable for making sound professional judgments.

Beneficence

Act of charity, mercy, and kindness with a strong connotation of doing good to others, including a moral obligation to do right.

Professional Responsibility

Responsibilities of healthcare providers to ensure trustworthy patient/client management and healthcare decisions.

Human Resources/Legal Issues

Includes concerns such as sexual harassment within the healthcare environment.

Roles and Responsibilities of Assistants

Duties and expectations of Physical Therapy Assistants (PTA).

Cultural Factors

Characteristics that affect patient/client management in healthcare.

Accrediting Bodies

Organizations such as state licensing entities, Joint Commission, CARF, and CMS that oversee healthcare standards.

Emergency Preparedness

Planning and readiness for potential emergencies in healthcare settings.

Infection Control

Practices to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare environments.

Data Collection

The process of gathering information for research and evidence-based practice.

Statistics

The study of data collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization.

Telehealth

The delivery of healthcare services through telecommunications technology.

SOB

Shortness of Breath

COPD

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

MinA

Minimal Assistance

O2 sat

Oxygen saturation level

Four wheeled walker

A mobility aid with four wheels used for support while walking

Gait training

Therapeutic intervention to improve walking ability

Transfer training

Therapeutic intervention to assist a patient in moving from one position to another

Power of Attorney

A legal document allowing one person to act on behalf of another

CVA

Cerebrovascular Accident, commonly known as a stroke

PT

Physical Therapist

PTA

Physical Therapist Assistant

PT Aide

Physical Therapy Aide, a support role in physical therapy

Professional Responsibility

The obligation of a PT to oversee the actions of a PTA in patient management

Plan of Care (POC)

A document outlining the treatment plan for a patient

Modify the POC

To change the treatment plan to include new modalities or exercises

Supervise a PTA student

The responsibility of a PT or PTA to oversee the training of a PTA student

Supervise a PT student

The responsibility of a PT to oversee the training of a PT student

PT Code of Ethics

Guidelines that govern the professional conduct of physical therapists

Trustworthy

Being reliable and dependable in professional practice

Compassionate

Showing empathy and concern for patients' needs

Accountable

Being responsible for one's professional judgments and actions

Informed Consent

The process of obtaining permission from a patient before treatment

Patient Refusal

When a patient declines to receive recommended treatment

Healthcare Record Access

The ability of individuals to view medical records of patients

Integrity in PT

PT shall demonstrate integrity in their relationship with patients/clients, families, colleagues, students, research participants, other healthcare providers, employers, payers and the public.

Legal and Professional Obligations

PT shall fulfill their legal and professional obligations.

Lifelong Learning

PT shall enhance their expertise through the lifelong acquisition and refinement of knowledge, skills, abilities and professional behaviors.

Organizational Behaviors

PT shall promote organizational behaviors and business practices that benefit patients/clients and society.

Health Needs Participation

PT shall participate in efforts to meet the health needs of people locally, nationally or globally.

Best PT Action for Patient in Crisis

Refer the patient immediately to mental health practitioner and stay there until help arrives.

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JACHO)

Accredits hospitals, SNF, home health agencies, PPO, HMO, mental health institutions.

Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF)

Accredits free standing rehabilitative programs/facilities.

Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)

Determines what and how much will be reimbursed by Medicare for patient care.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

Responsible for determining the safety of the work environment.

Safety and Protection

Refers to the critical issues involved in patient/client safety and protection and the responsibilities of health-care providers to ensure that patient/client management and health-care decisions take place in a secure environment.

Emergency Preparedness

Includes CPR, first aid, disaster response.

Infection Control Procedures

Includes standard/universal precautions, isolation techniques, sterile technique.

Signs of Abuse and Neglect

Includes signs/symptoms of physical, sexual, and psychological abuse and neglect.

Safety Factors

Factors influencing safety and injury prevention include safe patient handling, fall prevention, equipment maintenance, environmental safety.

Intravenous Lines and Devices

Function, implications, and related precautions of intravenous lines, tubes, catheters, monitoring devices, and mechanical ventilators/oxygen delivery devices.

PTA Precautions for Pneumonia

Airborne precautions, N-95 respirator.

Isolation Types

Contact, Droplet, Airborne.

Droplet Precautions Examples

Mumps (Rubella), Streptococcus A, Neisseria Meningitidis, Pneumonia, Influenza, Pertussis.

Airborne Precautions Examples

Measles, Tuberculosis, Varicella, SARS, Disseminated Herpes Zoster, Chickenpox, Smallpox.

Clinical Syndromes

MRSA, VISA, VRE, Clostridium difficile, Lice, Scabies, Impetigo, Gram Negative Bacteria, Uncontrolled Diarrhea, Aminoglycoside resistant, Hep-A, Hep-B, Dermatitis, Rota Virus.

Hand Hygiene

Hand Wash before entering and after leaving the room.

Hand Wash

Hand Wash upon entering and leaving the room.

PPE

Gloves and Gown only when in direct contact with patient or items in patient room. (Remove before leaving the room).

Mask

Mask when working within 3 feet of patient.

Contact precautions

Contact precautions only when skin lesions present.

N-95 Mask

N-95 Mask (Fit Tested).

Severe contamination precautions

Gown and Gloves if severe contamination.

Discard mask

Discard mask upon leaving the room.

Private room

Private room or cohort patient with same infection.

Private room without negative air flow

Private room without negative air flow.

Private room with negative air flow

Private room with negative air flow. Keep door closed.

Patient Transport

Minimize transport and patient washes hands if they leave the room.

Patient surgical mask

Patient wears a surgical mask when leaves the room.

Cough etiquettes

Patient follows cough etiquettes.

ABUSE

Infliction of physical or mental injury or the deprivation of food, shelter, clothing or services needed to maintain physical or mental health.

Sexual abuse

Sexual assault, sexual intercourse without consent, indecent exposure, deviate sexual conduct, or incest adult using a child for sexual gratification without physical contact is considered sexual abuse.

Physical abuse

Physical injury results in pain, impairment or bodily injury of any bodily organ or function, permanent or temporary disfigurement or death.

Emotional abuse

Anguish inflicted through threats, intimidation, humiliation isolation, embarrassing, blaming or rejecting behaviors from adult towards child, withholding love affection and approval.

Mental abuse

Impairments of a person's wellbeing, intellectual or psychological functioning.

Lifting Guidelines

Always attempt to increase your base of support, maintain a proper lumbar curve while you lift, pivot your feet while lifting; do not twist your back, maintain a slow and consistent speed while lifting.

Compression forces

The MOST significant factor in increasing compression forces on the spine in addition to the weight of the wine box is the distance of the wine box from the base of the spine.

Ergonomic Guidelines

Workstation Recommendations: 18-20-monitor, monitor display should be 10 degrees below the horizontal, should be 20 inches away from the eyes, wrist rest should match the front edge of the keyboard for maximal comfort, use a mouse that contours the hand, space under the desk should be at least 30 inches wide, 19 inches deep, 27 inches in height, should be 2-3 inches between the top of the thighs and desk.

Low back pain intervention

Patient education to take multiple breaks throughout the day, obtain a chair with proper lumbar support, and move monitor closer to client.